Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Department of Applied Human Sciences, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Stendal, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany.
Cornea. 2024 Jun 1;43(6):685-692. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000003374. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
In this cross-sectional survey, we assessed the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a representative German population sample. In addition, we examined the associations between DED, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and level of fatigue. Finally, we further validated the German version of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and present norm data of the German population.
A random sample of German residents aged 16 years and older was recruited between October and December 2021. All participants completed the SPEED, Short Form 36, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 questionnaires.
Of the 2495 participants who completed the survey, 450 (21.6%; 95% confidence intervals 20.0-23.1) reported a SPEED total score of ≥4, indicating a positive screening for DED. DED was significantly more common in women and older age. Participants who screened positive for DED reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and lower values in all domains of HRQoL. A receiver operating characteristic curve of the SPEED was generated using an ophthalmologist's diagnosis. The area under the curve was estimated to be 0.886 (95% confidence intervals 0.858-0.913). A cutoff score ≥4 seemed to be appropriate as an indicator of DED. Cronbach's α was excellent (0.95).
DED is common in the German population. We confirmed associations with sex, age, HRQoL, and fatigue level, indicating a high burden of DED. The German version of the SPEED is a valid instrument for the assessment of DED symptoms.
在这项横断面调查中，我们评估了德国代表性人群样本中干眼症（DED）的患病率。此外，我们还研究了 DED、健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）和疲劳程度之间的关系。最后，我们进一步验证了德国版标准患者眼干燥评估问卷（SPEED），并提供了德国人群的常模数据。
在 2021 年 10 月至 12 月期间，我们招募了年龄在 16 岁及以上的德国居民作为随机样本。所有参与者都完成了 SPEED、简短形式 36 项健康调查和多维疲劳量表 20 项问卷。
在完成调查的 2495 名参与者中，有 450 名（21.6%；95%置信区间 20.0-23.1）报告 SPEED 总分≥4，表明有阳性的 DED 筛查结果。DED 在女性和年龄较大的人群中更为常见。筛查阳性的 DED 患者报告的疲劳水平明显更高，所有 HRQoL 领域的得分也明显更低。我们使用眼科医生的诊断结果生成了 SPEED 的受试者工作特征曲线。曲线下面积估计为 0.886（95%置信区间 0.858-0.913）。≥4 的截断值似乎适合作为 DED 的指标。克朗巴赫α系数为 0.95，非常优秀。
DED 在德国人群中很常见。我们确认了与性别、年龄、HRQoL 和疲劳程度的关联，表明 DED 的负担很重。德国版 SPEED 是评估 DED 症状的有效工具。
