Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Ophthalmology. 2011 Dec;118(12):2361-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.05.029. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease (DED) in a rural setting in Japan.
Cross-sectional study.
We included 3294 subjects, aged ≥ 40 years who were in the residential registry for Koumi town.
Subjects in a rural mountain area, Koumi town, completed questionnaires designed to detect dry eye diagnosis and risk factors.
Clinically diagnosed DED was defined as the presence of a previous clinical diagnosis of DED by ophthalmologists or severe symptoms of DED (both dryness and irritation constantly or often). Current symptoms of DED and possible risk factors such as age, gender, educational history, smoking history, alcohol drinking history, height and weight, visual display terminal (VDT) use, and contact lens (CL) wear, and past/current history of certain common systemic diseases were the main outcome measures. We used logistic regression analysis to examine associations between DED and other demographic factors.
Of the 3294 eligible residents, 2791 residents (85%) completed the questionnaire. The percentage of women with a composite outcome of clinically diagnosed DED or severe symptoms (21.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5-23.9) was higher than that of men (12.5%; 95% CI, 10.7-14.5; P<0.001). A low body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% CI, 0.98-4.39), CL use (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.46-10.10), and hypertension (HT) (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.94-2.06) were risk factors for DED in men. Use of a VDT (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12-4.85), CL use (OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 2.13-6.10), and myocardial infarction or angina were the risk factors (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.51-4.62), whereas high BMI was a preventive factor (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-1.01) for DED in women.
Among a Japanese cohort, DED leading to a clinical diagnosis or severe symptoms is prevalent. Use of CLs was a common dry eye risk factor in both genders. The condition is more prevalent in men with low BMI, HT, and in women with myocardial infarction or angina and VDT use. Relevant measures directed against the modifiable risks may provide a positive impact on public health and quality of life of Japanese.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
评估日本农村地区干眼症（DED）的患病率和危险因素。
横断面研究。
我们纳入了 3294 名年龄≥40 岁且在 Koumi 镇居民登记处登记的受试者。
居住在山区农村的 Koumi 镇的受试者完成了旨在检测干眼诊断和危险因素的调查问卷。
临床诊断的 DED 定义为眼科医生既往临床诊断的 DED 或 DED 严重症状（干燥和刺激持续或经常存在）。当前 DED 症状和可能的危险因素，如年龄、性别、教育史、吸烟史、饮酒史、身高和体重、视觉显示终端（VDT）使用和隐形眼镜（CL）佩戴，以及过去/当前某些常见系统性疾病的病史，是主要观察指标。我们使用逻辑回归分析来检查 DED 与其他人口统计学因素之间的关联。
在 3294 名合格居民中，有 2791 名居民（85%）完成了问卷调查。患有临床诊断 DED 或严重症状（21.6%；95%置信区间[CI]，19.5-23.9）的女性比例高于男性（12.5%；95%CI，10.7-14.5；P<0.001）。低体重指数（BMI；比值比[OR]，2.07；95%CI，0.98-4.39）、CL 使用（OR，3.84；95%CI，1.46-10.10）和高血压（HT；OR，1.39；95%CI，0.94-2.06）是男性 DED 的危险因素。VDT 使用（OR，2.33；95%CI，1.12-4.85）、CL 使用（OR，3.61；95%CI，2.13-6.10）和心肌梗死或心绞痛是女性 DED 的危险因素（OR，2.64；95%CI，1.51-4.62），而高 BMI 是女性 DED 的保护因素（OR，0.69；95%CI，0.48-1.01）。
在日本队列中，导致临床诊断或严重症状的 DED 较为常见。CL 使用是两性中常见的干眼症危险因素。BMI 低、HT 和心肌梗死或心绞痛以及 VDT 使用的男性和女性中，DED 的患病率更高。针对可改变风险的相关措施可能会对日本的公共卫生和生活质量产生积极影响。
作者没有与本文讨论的任何材料有关的专有或商业利益。
