A novel differential ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for determination of sulfadiazine in food samples.

Herein, we report a novel differential ratiometric molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical sensor for sulfadiazine (SDZ). An MIP membrane with double templates, SDZ and propyl gallate (PG), was fabricated on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by CuInS/ZnS nanocomposites. After adding PG in the samples as the reference, the current differences between MIP@CuInS/ZnS/GCE and non-imprinted polymer@CuInS/ZnS/GCE at the potentials of 0.18 V (ΔI) and 0.92 V (ΔI) were measured. The ratio of ΔI/ΔI was used for SDZ determination in the differential and ratiometric dual-mode. The influence of the variations in electrode modification and sample enrichment conditions on the determination of SDZ can be suppressed by 2.8 ∼ 13.2-fold, enhancing the reproducibility and stability of the MIP sensor. The interference level was reduced by one order of magnitude compared with the normal MIP mode. The proposed sensors were used to determine SDZ in food samples, with the detection limit of 2.1 nM.