Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
J Safety Res. 2023 Sep;86:346-356. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.07.013. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
INTRODUCTION: Distracted driving is a long-standing traffic safety concern, though common secondary tasks continually evolve. The goal of this study was to measure the prevalence of self-reported distracted driving behaviors, including activities made possible in recent years by smartphones. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide survey of 2,013 U.S. licensed drivers (ages 16 +). We created four aggregate distraction categories from 18 individual secondary tasks to estimate the proportion of drivers study-wide and by demographic characteristics belonging to each category, defined as those who regularly did (during most or all drives in the previous 30 days) one or more secondary task within each category. Logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds of drivers belonging to each aggregate distraction category by demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of drivers reported doing at least one of the 18 secondary tasks regularly, and half did at least one device-based task regularly in the past 30 days. Non-device task prevalence trended downward with age, while device-based task prevalence was consistent among younger drivers before declining beginning with age 35. Males (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16, 2.02), parents of children ages 18 and younger (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.96), and participants who drive in the gig economy (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.73, 5.43) had higher adjusted odds of engaging in "modern" device-based distractions enabled by smartphones (e.g., making video calls, watching videos, using social media) than other drivers. Many drivers are using hands-free capabilities when available for tasks, but for some tasks more than others. CONCLUSIONS: Regular distracted driving is widespread with most behavior concentrated among drivers younger than age 50, though no age group or other demographic studied abstains. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Stakeholders can use these findings to develop countermeasures for distracted driving by targeting specific secondary tasks and the demographics most likely to report regularly doing them.
简介：分心驾驶是一个长期存在的交通安全问题，尽管常见的次要任务在不断发展。本研究的目的是测量自我报告的分心驾驶行为的发生率，包括近年来智能手机带来的活动。
方法：我们对 2013 名美国有驾照的司机（年龄 16 岁及以上）进行了全国性调查。我们从 18 项次要任务中创建了四个综合分心类别，以估计研究范围内和按人口统计学特征属于每个类别的司机比例，定义为在过去 30 天内的大多数或所有驾驶过程中，在每个类别中定期进行一项或多项次要任务的司机。逻辑回归估计了按人口统计学特征属于每个综合分心类别的司机的调整后几率。
结果：65%的司机报告定期进行至少一项 18 项次要任务中的一项，过去 30 天内有一半的司机定期进行至少一项基于设备的任务。非设备任务的流行趋势随着年龄的增长而下降，而年轻司机的设备相关任务流行趋势在 35 岁开始下降。男性（OR，1.53；95%CI，1.16，2.02）、有 18 岁及以下子女的父母（OR，1.47；95%CI，1.10，1.96）和从事零工经济的参与者（OR，3.85；95%CI，2.73，5.43）进行“现代”智能手机支持的设备相关分心行为（例如，打视频电话、看视频、使用社交媒体）的调整后几率高于其他司机。许多司机在可用时使用免提功能，但对于某些任务比其他任务更频繁。
结论：定期分心驾驶非常普遍，大多数行为集中在 50 岁以下的司机中，但没有任何年龄组或其他研究中的人口统计学特征不参与。
实用意义：利益相关者可以使用这些发现，通过针对最有可能定期进行特定次要任务的人群，为分心驾驶制定对策。
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