Traffic Injury Research Foundation, 171 Nepean Street, Ottawa, ON K2P 0B4, Canada.
J Safety Res. 2021 Feb;76:118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.12.005. Epub 2020 Dec 21.
This study evaluates prevalence and trends in distracted driving in Canada based on multiple indicators collected from the Road Safety Monitor (RSM) and Canada's National Fatality Database maintained by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation (TIRF).
Data from the RSM on self-reported distracted driving behaviors were analyzed using multivariate techniques including logistic regression analysis in various years spanning from 2004 to 2019. Data from TIRF's National Fatality Database from 2000 to 2016 were also analyzed using piecewise regression analysis to evaluate trends and prevalence of driver distraction.
Significantly more Canadians reported talking on their phone hands-free or handheld phone while driving in 2019 compared to 2010. There was a 102% increase in the percentage that reported texting while driving in 2019 (9.7%) compared to 2010 (4.8%). For every 10-year increase in age, drivers were 44% less likely to text, 38% less likely to use a handheld phone, and 28% less likely to use a hands-free phone. Males were 62% more likely to use a handheld phone and 50% more likely to use a hands-free phone than females. Findings related to drivers' perceived danger of distracted driving and attitudes are also presented. Although the number of distraction-related fatalities has not increased substantially from 2000 to 2016, the percentage of all fatalities where distraction was a contributing factor has increased. Unlike drinking drivers, distracted drivers more often kill other road users in crashes than kill themselves.
In conclusion, while most Canadians appear to understand that one of the high-risk forms of distracted driving (i.e., texting while driving) is indeed dangerous, there is a minority who are unaware of, or resistant to, this fact. Practical Applications: Enforcement activities and education initiatives to combat distracted driving ought to be tailored to the target audience based on the patterns uncovered.
本研究基于从 Road Safety Monitor（RSM）和由 Traffic Injury Research Foundation（TIRF）维护的加拿大国家死亡数据库中收集的多个指标，评估了加拿大分心驾驶的流行率和趋势。
使用多元技术分析了 RSM 上关于自我报告的分心驾驶行为的数据，包括 2004 年至 2019 年期间的逻辑回归分析。还使用分段回归分析了 TIRF 的国家死亡数据库中的数据，以评估驾驶员分心的趋势和流行率。
与 2010 年相比，2019 年报告在开车时使用免提电话或手持电话通话的加拿大人明显更多。与 2010 年（4.8%）相比，报告在开车时发短信的比例增加了 102%（2019 年为 9.7%）。与每增加 10 岁的年龄相比，驾驶员发短信的可能性降低了 44%，使用手持电话的可能性降低了 38%，使用免提电话的可能性降低了 28%。与驾驶员对分心驾驶的危险感知和态度相关的发现也被提出。尽管 2000 年至 2016 年分心相关死亡人数没有大幅增加，但分心是造成所有死亡人数的因素的百分比有所增加。与酒后驾车司机不同，分心驾车司机在事故中更有可能杀死其他道路使用者，而不是自杀。
总之，尽管大多数加拿大人似乎都知道其中一种高风险形式的分心驾驶（即开车时发短信）确实很危险，但也有一小部分人对此一无所知或不以为然。实用应用：打击分心驾驶的执法活动和教育计划应该根据发现的模式针对目标受众进行定制。
