Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Naragakuen University, 3-15-1, Nakatomigaoka, Nara, Nara 631-8524, Japan.
Department of Rehabilitation Occupational Therapy Course, Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1, Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan.
Occup Ther Int. 2023 Sep 7;2023:9505865. doi: 10.1155/2023/9505865. eCollection 2023.
The study explored cross-sectional associations between loneliness and occupational dysfunction in community-dwelling older adults. Seventy-four older adults (12 men and 62 women; mean age 73.9 ± 8.3 years) completed a questionnaire survey that included the Japanese version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 and the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction (CAOD). Bayesian statistical modeling was used for a more stable estimation given the small sample. For model selection, we assumed a univariate analysis model of the CAOD (Model 1); a multivariate analysis model, including confounding factors in Model 1 (Model 2); and a multivariate analysis model, including random effects in Model 2 (Model 3). The best model was selected by comparing the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) and the widely applicable Bayesian information criterion (WBIC) for each model. Bayesian statistics with the dependent variable as "loneliness" showed that the best model used "occupational dysfunction" as the independent variable and included confounding factors and random effects (WAIC = 474.5 and WBIC = 213.1). The best model identified an association between occupational dysfunction and loneliness (odds ratio [OR] = 2.363; 95% Bayesian confidence interval [CI] = 1.105-5.259). This study highlights the role of occupational dysfunction in addition to the risks and related factors reported to date when dealing with loneliness. Therapists could help older adults cope with loneliness by supporting their social participation and improving their occupational dysfunction.
本研究探讨了社区居住的老年人孤独感与职业功能障碍之间的横断面关联。74 名老年人（12 名男性和 62 名女性；平均年龄 73.9 ± 8.3 岁）完成了一份问卷调查，其中包括 UCLA 孤独量表第 3 版的日语版和职业功能障碍分类和评估（CAOD）。鉴于样本较小，采用贝叶斯统计模型进行更稳定的估计。对于模型选择，我们假设 CAOD 的单变量分析模型（模型 1）；包括模型 1 中的混杂因素的多变量分析模型（模型 2）；以及包括模型 2 中的随机效应的多变量分析模型（模型 3）。通过比较每个模型的广泛适用信息准则（WAIC）和广泛适用贝叶斯信息准则（WBIC），选择最佳模型。以依赖变量为“孤独感”的贝叶斯统计显示，最佳模型使用“职业功能障碍”作为自变量，并包括混杂因素和随机效应（WAIC = 474.5，WBIC = 213.1）。最佳模型确定了职业功能障碍与孤独感之间的关联（优势比 [OR] = 2.363；95%贝叶斯置信区间 [CI] = 1.105-5.259）。这项研究强调了职业功能障碍的作用，除了迄今为止报告的孤独感风险和相关因素。治疗师可以通过支持老年人的社会参与和改善他们的职业功能障碍来帮助他们应对孤独感。
