埃塞俄比亚中南部孕妇的分娩自我效能感及其相关因素
Perceived Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in South-Central Ethiopia.
作者信息
Gemeda Gudeta Tolesa, Benti Terefe Ayana, Muhamed Ahmed Nuru, Mengistu Girma Teferi, Abebe Sori Seboka
机构信息
Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Int J Womens Health. 2023 Sep 12;15:1431-1442. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S423784. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Childbirth self-efficacy has been identified as a significant indicator of a positive childbirth experience. It is, however, the most neglected aspect of maternal care, and evidence in this regard was lacking in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perceived childbirth self-efficacy and its associated factors among pregnant women in the Gurage zone, southern Ethiopia.
METHODS
The current study was conducted from April to May 2022 using a facility-based cross-sectional study design. We used a systematic sampling technique and selected a total of 423 women. To collect the data, we utilized an interviewer-administered questionnaire containing a childbirth self-efficacy inventory scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to discover the factors influencing a woman's self-efficacy during childbirth.
RESULTS
The current study included 423 pregnant women in total. This study revealed that the overall mean score for perceived childbirth self-efficacy was 489.06 (SD = 65.77). Social support ( = 0.214, P< 0.001), psychological well-being ( = 0.254, P< 0.001), education status at the secondary level ( = 0.151, P< 0.001), no fundal pressure ( = 0.11, P = 0.010), and planned pregnancy ( = 0.10, P =0.013) were positively associated with childbirth self-efficacy. Fear of childbirth ( = 0.19, P< 0.001), Primipara women ( = 0.14, P< 0.001), women who had experienced discomfort during vaginal examination ( = 0.10, P = 0.009), and women who experienced the inability to push ( = 0.10, P = 0.013) were negatively associated with childbirth self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The overall mean score for the perceived childbirth self-efficacy was high when compared to the previous studies conducted in Australia. Healthcare professionals should create multifaceted strategies to support childbirth self-efficacy, such as relaxation techniques, prenatal psycho-education to reduce childbirth fear, enhance psychological well-being and encourage social support, particularly partner support during pregnancy and childbirth.
背景
分娩自我效能已被确定为积极分娩体验的一项重要指标。然而，它却是孕产妇护理中最被忽视的方面，而埃塞俄比亚在这方面缺乏相关证据。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚南部古拉格地区孕妇的分娩自我效能感及其相关因素。
方法
本研究于2022年4月至5月采用基于机构的横断面研究设计进行。我们使用系统抽样技术，共选取了423名女性。为收集数据，我们采用了一份由访谈员主导的问卷，其中包含分娩自我效能感量表。采用多元线性回归分析来发现影响女性分娩自我效能的因素。
结果
本研究共纳入423名孕妇。研究表明，分娩自我效能感总体平均得分为489.06（标准差=65.77）。社会支持（β=0.214，P<0.001）、心理健康（β=0.254，P<0.001）、中学教育程度（β=0.151，P<0.001）、无宫底加压（β=0.11，P=0.010）以及计划妊娠（β=0.10，P=0.013）与分娩自我效能呈正相关。分娩恐惧（β=0.19，P<0.001）、初产妇（β=0.14，P<0.001）、在阴道检查时感到不适的女性（β=0.10，P=0.009）以及感到无法用力的女性（β=0.10，P=0.013）与分娩自我效能呈负相关。
结论
与之前在澳大利亚进行的研究相比，分娩自我效能感的总体平均得分较高。医疗保健专业人员应制定多方面的策略来支持分娩自我效能，如放松技巧、产前心理教育以减少分娩恐惧、增强心理健康并鼓励社会支持，尤其是在孕期和分娩期间的伴侣支持。
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