Pollmann Marie, Kuhn Denise, König Christian, Homolka Irmela, Paschke Sina, Reinisch Ronja, Schmidt Anna, Schwabe Noa, Weber Justus, Gottlieb Yuval, Steidle Johannes Luitpold Maria
Department of Chemical Ecology 190t, Institute of Biology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany.
Department of Entomology 360c, Institute of Phytomedicine University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Sep 13;13(9):e10524. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10524. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The pteromalid parasitoid (Foerster) belongs to the Hymenoptera, a megadiverse insect order with high cryptic diversity. It attacks stored product pest beetles in human storage facilities. Recently, it has been shown to consist of two separate species. To further study its cryptic diversity, strains were collected to compare their relatedness using barcoding and nuclear genes. Nuclear genes identified two clusters which agree with the known two species, whereas the barcode fragment determined an additional third Clade. Total reproductive isolation (RI) according to the biological species concept (BSC) was investigated in crossing experiments within and between clusters using representative strains. Sexual isolation exists between all studied pairs, increasing from slight to strong with genetic distance. Postzygotic barriers mostly affected hybrid males, pointing to Haldane's rule. Hybrid females were only affected by unidirectional -induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and behavioural sterility, each in one specific strain combination. RI was virtually absent between strains separated by up to 2.8% COI difference, but strong or complete in three pairs from one Clade each, separated by at least 7.2%. Apparently, each of these clusters represents one separate species according to the BSC, highlighting cryptic diversity in direct vicinity to humans. In addition, these results challenge the recent 'turbo-taxonomy' practice of using 2% COI differences to delimitate species, especially within parasitic Hymenoptera. The gradual increase in number and strength of reproductive barriers between strains with increasing genetic distance also sheds light on the emergence of barriers during the speciation process in .
褶翅小蜂科寄生蜂（Foerster）属于膜翅目，这是一个具有高度隐性多样性的昆虫目。它会攻击人类储存设施中的仓储害虫甲虫。最近研究表明它由两个不同的物种组成。为了进一步研究其隐性多样性，收集了多个菌株，利用条形码和核基因来比较它们之间的亲缘关系。核基因鉴定出两个聚类，与已知的两个物种相符，而条形码片段确定了另外第三个进化枝。使用代表性菌株在聚类内部和之间进行杂交实验，根据生物物种概念（BSC）研究了完全生殖隔离（RI）情况。所有研究的配对之间都存在性隔离，随着遗传距离的增加，性隔离从轻微到强烈逐渐增强。合子后障碍主要影响杂种雄性，这符合霍尔丹法则。杂种雌性仅受到单向诱导的细胞质不相容性和行为不育的影响，每种情况都出现在一种特定的菌株组合中。COI差异高达2.8%的菌株之间几乎不存在生殖隔离，但来自每个进化枝的三对菌株，其COI差异至少为7.2%，则存在强烈或完全的生殖隔离。显然，根据生物物种概念，这些聚类中的每一个都代表一个单独的物种，突出了在人类附近的隐性多样性。此外，这些结果对最近使用2%的COI差异来界定物种的“快速分类学”做法提出了挑战，尤其是在寄生性膜翅目昆虫中。随着遗传距离增加，菌株之间生殖障碍的数量和强度逐渐增加，这也揭示了物种形成过程中障碍的出现情况。
