Lee Yuan Yee, Oh Yein, Seo Min-Soo, Seo Min-Goo, Han Jee Eun, Kim Kyoo-Tae, Park Jin-Kyu, Kim Sung Dae, Park Sang-Joon, Kwak Dongmi, Rhee Man Hee
College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.
J Ginseng Res. 2023 Sep;47(5):638-644. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.03.003. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
The anti-platelet activity of the saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been widely studied. The saponin fraction consists of the panaxadiol fraction (PDF) and panaxatriol fraction (PTF); however, their anti-platelet activity is yet to be compared. Our study aimed to investigate the potency of anti-platelet activity of PDF and PTF and to elucidate how well they retain their anti-platelet activity via different administration routes.
For ex vivo studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered 250 mg/kg PDF and PTF for 7 consecutive days before blood collection via cardiac puncture. Platelet aggregation was conducted after isolation of the washed platelets. For in vitro studies, washed platelets were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats. Collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were used to induce platelet aggregation. Collagen was used as an agonist for assaying adenosine triphosphate release, thromboxane B2, serotonin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) release.
When treated ex vivo, PDF not only inhibited ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but also upregulated cGMP levels and reduced platelet adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore, it also inhibited Akt phosphorylation induced by collagen treatment. Panaxadiol fraction did not exert any anti-platelet activity in vitro, whereas PTF exhibited potent anti-platelet activity, inhibiting ADP, collagen, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, but significantly elevated levels of cGMP.
Our study showed that in vitro and ex vivo PDF and PTF treatments exhibited different potency levels, indicating possible metabolic conversions of ginsenosides, which altered the content of ginsenosides capable of preventing platelet aggregation.
韩国红参皂苷组分的抗血小板活性已得到广泛研究。该皂苷组分由人参二醇组分（PDF）和人参三醇组分（PTF）组成；然而，它们的抗血小板活性尚未进行比较。我们的研究旨在调查PDF和PTF的抗血小板活性强度，并阐明它们通过不同给药途径保留抗血小板活性的程度。
在体外研究中，将250mg/kg的PDF和PTF连续7天口服给予Sprague-Dawley大鼠，然后通过心脏穿刺采血。分离洗涤后的血小板后进行血小板聚集实验。在体外研究中，从Sprague-Dawley大鼠获取洗涤后的血小板。使用胶原蛋白和二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导血小板聚集。胶原蛋白用作激动剂，用于检测三磷酸腺苷释放、血栓素B2、5-羟色胺、环磷酸腺苷和环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）释放。
在体外处理时，PDF不仅抑制ADP和胶原蛋白诱导的血小板聚集，还上调cGMP水平并减少血小板与纤连蛋白的粘附。此外，它还抑制胶原蛋白处理诱导的Akt磷酸化。人参二醇组分在体外未表现出任何抗血小板活性，而PTF表现出强大的抗血小板活性，抑制ADP、胶原蛋白和凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集，但显著提高cGMP水平。
我们的研究表明，体外和体内PDF和PTF处理表现出不同的活性强度，表明人参皂苷可能发生代谢转化，从而改变了能够预防血小板聚集的人参皂苷含量。
