Division of Behavioral Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2023 Sep;8(S1):S42-S50. doi: 10.1089/can.2023.0062.
Cannabis contains a multitude of phytocannabinoids and terpenes in addition to its main psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9-THC). It is believed that the combination of minor cannabinoids and terpenes with D9-THC may impact the subjective and physiological effects of D9-THC. In this study, select minor cannabinoids (cannabigerol [CBG], cannabidivarin [CBDV], cannabichromene [CBC], tetrahydrocannabivarin [THCV], cannabigerolic acid [CBGa], and cannabidiolic acid [CBDa]) and terpenes (beta-caryophyllene and linalool) were evaluated for their potential to decrease the interoceptive effects of D9-THC using drug discrimination methods. Male and female rats (=16; 50% female) were trained to discriminate D9-THC from vehicle. Following training, D9-THC was administered 45 min pre-session, followed by administration of a minor cannabinoid or terpene (or vehicle) 15 min pre-session. CBG, CBDV, CBC, and THCV were administered at doses of 3-30 mg/kg; CBGa and CBDa were administered at doses of 10-100 mg/kg; beta-caryophyllene and linalool were administered at doses of 10-30 mg/kg. Percentage of D9-THC responding (%) was calculated to assess changes to D9-THCs interoceptive effects. CBG, CBDV, CBC, THCV, CBGa, CBDa, beta-caryophyllene, and linalool had little effect on percent D9-THC responding in either sex. No compounds lowered percent D9-THC responding to 50% or below. THCV, CBC, CBDa, and beta-caryophyllene in combination with D9-THC decreased response rates compared with D9-THC alone. The minor cannabinoids and terpenes examined in the current study did not alter the discriminative stimulus effects of D9-THC. These results suggest that these compounds are unlikely to lower the psychoactive effects of D9-THC in human users.
大麻除了主要的精神活性成分 Δ9-四氢大麻酚（D9-THC）外，还含有多种植物大麻素和萜烯。人们认为，少量大麻素和萜烯与 D9-THC 的结合可能会影响 D9-THC 的主观和生理作用。在这项研究中，选择了几种少量大麻素（大麻二酚[CBG]、大麻二酚酸[CBGa]、大麻色烯[CBC]、四氢大麻酚[THCV]、大麻素[CBDa]）和萜烯（β-石竹烯和芳樟醇），评估它们通过药物辨别方法降低 D9-THC 内在感受效应的潜力。雄性和雌性大鼠（=16；50%雌性）被训练辨别 D9-THC 和载体。在训练之后，D9-THC 在课前 45 分钟给药，然后在课前 15 分钟给药一种少量大麻素或萜烯（或载体）。CBG、CBDV、CBC 和 THCV 的剂量为 3-30mg/kg；CBGa 和 CBDa 的剂量为 10-100mg/kg；β-石竹烯和芳樟醇的剂量为 10-30mg/kg。计算 D9-THC 反应的百分比（%），以评估 D9-THC 内在感受效应的变化。CBG、CBDV、CBC、THCV、CBGa、CBDa、β-石竹烯和芳樟醇对雄性和雌性大鼠的 D9-THC 反应百分比均无影响。没有一种化合物能将 D9-THC 的反应百分比降低到 50%以下。与 D9-THC 单独给药相比，THCV、CBC、CBDa 和β-石竹烯与 D9-THC 联合给药降低了反应率。在当前研究中检查的少量大麻素和萜烯没有改变 D9-THC 的辨别刺激效应。这些结果表明，这些化合物不太可能降低人类使用者中 D9-THC 的精神活性作用。
