不同凋萎时间和/或接种剂应用对燕麦（Avena sativa）青贮料的生物量、质量、营养成分和饲用价值的影响。
Biomass yield, quality, nutrient composition, and feeding value of oat (Avena sativa) silage subjected to different wilting durations and/or inoculant application.
机构信息
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030, Turkey.
Department of Plant and Animal Production, Burdur Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15030, Turkey.
出版信息
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023 Sep 19;55(5):299. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03751-9.
In this study, we evaluated the biomass yield, physico-chemical characteristics, nutrient composition, and feeding value of oat (Avena sativa) grown without irrigation ensiled with or without supplemental inoculant following different wilting durations. Oat forage at early dough stage (79 days after sowing) were harvested to assess the biomass yield, nutrient contents, and mineral composition. Oats were ensiled with or without the addition of inoculant and different wilting durations (0, 24, and 48 h) in 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. After the ensiling (120 days), the oat silages were opened, quality was measured in terms of pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), smell, structure, color, and Flieg point. Nutritional composition and feeding values were analyzed in oat silages. Oat grown without irrigation yielded 32 ton/ha fresh matter. Mean dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP), crude fiber, crude ash, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, non-structural carbohydrates, hemicellulose, and in vitro dry matter digestibility of oat forage were 32.77%, 90.41%, 11.31%, 28.69%, 9.59%, 3.99%, 46.43%, 36.32%, 63.98%, 7.22%, 11.14%, 27.67%, and 74.81%, respectively. Addition of inoculant had no effect on the quality, nutritional composition, and feeding values of oat silages. Increasing wilting durations linearly increased the pH (P = 0.005) and decreased the smell score (P = 0.028) of ensiled oat. A linear increase was seen in the DM content of ensiled oat after increasing wilting durations (P = 0.001). Oat ensiled without wilting had greater CP content (P = 0.010 and linear P = 0.011) and lower ADF content than those ensiled after 24 or 48 h of wilting (P = 0.013 and linear P = 0.007). Silages subjected to 24 or 48 h of wilting had lower hemicellulose content (P = 0.019 and linear P = 0.012) and digestible DM (P = 0.013 and linear P = 0.007) than those without wilting. In conclusion, inoculant may not affect the quality, composition and feeding values of ensiled oat grown without irrigation whereas, wilting at different durations may negatively affect the pH, smell, CP, ADF, and feeding values of ensiled oats.
在这项研究中，我们评估了无灌溉燕麦（Avena sativa）在不同凋萎时间下青贮时的生物量产量、物理化学特性、营养成分和饲养价值。在播种后 79 天，收获早期面团阶段的燕麦草料，以评估生物量产量、养分含量和矿物质组成。燕麦草料与或不添加添加剂，以及不同的凋萎时间（0、24 和 48 小时）在 3×2 因子设计中进行青贮。青贮后（120 天），打开燕麦青贮料，根据 pH 值、氨氮（NH-N）、气味、结构、颜色和 Flieg 点来衡量质量。对燕麦青贮料进行营养成分和饲养价值分析。无灌溉种植的燕麦产生 32 吨/公顷鲜物质。燕麦草料的平均干物质（DM）、有机物、粗蛋白（CP）、粗纤维、粗灰分、乙醚提取物、无氮提取物、酸性洗涤剂纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤剂纤维、酸性洗涤剂木质素、非结构性碳水化合物、半纤维素和体外干物质消化率分别为 32.77%、90.41%、11.31%、28.69%、9.59%、3.99%、46.43%、36.32%、63.98%、7.22%、11.14%、27.67%和 74.81%。添加添加剂对燕麦青贮料的质量、营养成分和饲养价值没有影响。凋萎时间的增加线性增加了青贮燕麦的 pH 值（P=0.005），并降低了气味评分（P=0.028）。随着凋萎时间的增加，青贮燕麦的 DM 含量呈线性增加（P=0.001）。无凋萎的燕麦青贮料具有更高的 CP 含量（P=0.010 和线性 P=0.011）和更低的 ADF 含量，而凋萎 24 或 48 小时的青贮料则较低（P=0.013 和线性 P=0.007）。凋萎 24 或 48 小时的青贮料的半纤维素含量（P=0.019 和线性 P=0.012）和可消化 DM 含量（P=0.013 和线性 P=0.007）均低于无凋萎的青贮料。总之，添加剂可能不会影响无灌溉种植的青贮燕麦的质量、组成和饲养价值，而不同时间的凋萎可能会对青贮燕麦的 pH 值、气味、CP、ADF 和饲养价值产生负面影响。
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