社区居住的老年美籍华人的居住隔离、感知邻里环境与全因死亡率。
Residential Segregation, Perceived Neighborhood Environment, and All-Cause Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Americans.
机构信息
Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 Dec 6;78(12):2071-2079. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad132.
OBJECTIVES
Residential segregation profoundly affects mental and physical health. However, impacts of residential segregation and other neighborhood characteristics on health among older Asian Americans are not fully understood. This study aimed to close this gap by examining effects of residential segregation, perceived neighborhood cohesion, and neighborhood disorder on all-cause mortality among older Chinese immigrants, as well as testing whether the association between residential segregation and mortality would be mediated by perceived neighborhood cohesion and neighborhood disorder.
METHODS
Data were drawn from a subsample of 3,094 older Chinese Americans aged 60 and older (mean age = 72.8 years) from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago. Residential segregation was derived using 2010-2014 American Community Survey data. Participants completed surveys on perceived neighborhood cohesion and neighborhood disorder between 2011 and 2013. All-cause mortality was tracked until December 2021.
RESULTS
Residential segregation was associated with elevated all-cause mortality risk; this association, however, was no longer statistically significant after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health covariates. Perceived neighborhood cohesion, but not neighborhood disorder, was significantly associated with decreased mortality risks. There were no indirect effects of residential segregation on all-cause mortality through perceived neighborhood cohesion or neighborhood disorder. These effects were consistent across male and female participants.
DISCUSSION
These results suggest the importance of neighborhood social environment, specifically perceptions of neighborhood cohesion, in influencing mortality risk among older Chinese immigrants. The findings also indicate the need to conduct further research to examine the health impact of residential segregation among this population.
目的
居住隔离对身心健康有深远影响。然而，居住隔离和其他邻里特征对老年亚裔美国人健康的影响尚未完全了解。本研究旨在通过考察居住隔离、邻里凝聚力感知和邻里混乱对老年中国移民全因死亡率的影响来填补这一空白，并检验居住隔离与死亡率之间的关联是否会被邻里凝聚力感知和邻里混乱所中介。
方法
数据来自芝加哥华人老年人口研究的一个亚组，其中包括 3094 名 60 岁及以上的老年华人（平均年龄=72.8 岁）。2010-2014 年美国社区调查数据用于计算居住隔离程度。参与者在 2011 年至 2013 年间完成了关于邻里凝聚力感知和邻里混乱的调查。全因死亡率一直追踪到 2021 年 12 月。
结果
居住隔离与全因死亡率升高相关；然而，在控制了社会人口统计学、行为和健康协变量后，这种关联不再具有统计学意义。邻里凝聚力感知，但不是邻里混乱，与降低死亡率风险显著相关。居住隔离对全因死亡率没有通过邻里凝聚力感知或邻里混乱的间接影响。这些效应在男性和女性参与者中是一致的。
讨论
这些结果表明，邻里社会环境的重要性，特别是对邻里凝聚力的感知，对老年中国移民的死亡率风险有影响。研究结果还表明，需要进一步研究居住隔离对这一人群健康的影响。
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