Auchincloss Amy H, Mucciaccio Francesca, Fang Carolyn Y, Ruggiero Dominic A, Hirsch Jana A, Zhong Julia, Li Minzi, Egleston Brian L, Tseng Marilyn
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Urban Health Collaborative, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Jul 26;23:101476. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101476. eCollection 2023 Sep.
This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between neighborhood social composition and gentrification, and acculturation stressors.
Person-level data came from first-generation Chinese immigrants enrolled in the Immigrant Enclaves Study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, baseline 2018-2020, N = 512). A validated scale was used to assess 22 stressors associated with migration or acculturation. Neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 and 2008-2012 included: tract proportion of foreign born Chinese, neighborhood wealth, and past decade gentrification. Most neighborhood exposures were modeled as continuous as well as binary variables (intended to represent highest level of neighborhood exposure). Multivariable negative binomial regression adjusted for age, gender, income, education, employment, language, years in the U.S., and neighborhood variables (proportion co-ethnic, and neighborhood per capita income).
The majority of participants spoke Mandarin (68% vs Cantonese 32%), mean participant age was 52.7 years old, years in the US was 18, and nearly one-half of the sample had less than 8 years of education. Mean number of stressors was 5.9 with nearly 20% of participants reporting 11 or more stressors. Multivariable results found the number of acculturation stressors was 18% lower for residents in the highest co-ethnic density neighborhoods and 13% lower for residents in the highest wealth areas, compared to other areas (expβ 0.82, 95% CI [CI] 0.69, 0.98; expβ 0.87, CI 0.75, 1.01, respectively). Stressors were no different whether participants lived in gentrified areas or not.
Among middle-aged Chinese immigrants, acculturation stress was lower for residents in neighborhoods with higher proportion of Chinese immigrants and for residents in neighborhoods with higher wealth, whereas gentrification had no influence on acculturation stress. More work on this topic is needed with vulnerable populations such as this one, informed by local context.
本研究探讨了邻里社会构成与绅士化以及文化适应压力源之间的横断面关系。
个体层面的数据来自参与移民聚居区研究（宾夕法尼亚州费城，基线时间为2018 - 2020年，N = 512）的第一代中国移民。使用经过验证的量表来评估与移民或文化适应相关的22种压力源。2015 - 2019年和2008 - 2012年美国社区调查中的邻里特征包括：外国出生的华裔人口比例、邻里财富以及过去十年的绅士化情况。大多数邻里暴露因素被建模为连续变量以及二元变量（旨在代表邻里暴露的最高水平）。多变量负二项回归对年龄、性别、收入、教育程度、就业情况、语言、在美国的居住年限以及邻里变量（同种族比例和邻里人均收入）进行了调整。
大多数参与者说普通话（68%，说粤语的占32%），参与者的平均年龄为52.7岁，在美国居住年限为18年，近一半的样本受教育年限少于8年。压力源的平均数量为5.9个，近20%的参与者报告有11个或更多压力源。多变量结果发现，与其他地区相比，同种族密度最高的邻里中的居民文化适应压力源数量低18%，财富水平最高地区的居民文化适应压力源数量低13%（指数β分别为0.82，95%置信区间[CI]为0.69，0.98；指数β为0.87，CI为0.75，1.01）。无论参与者是否生活在绅士化地区，压力源没有差异。
在中年中国移民中，华裔移民比例较高的邻里中的居民以及财富水平较高的邻里中的居民文化适应压力较低，而绅士化对文化适应压力没有影响。对于像这样的弱势群体，需要结合当地情况，围绕这一主题开展更多研究。
