Zafar Roheena, Rehman Inayat Ur, Shah Yasar, Ali Zahid, Ming Long Chiau, Khan Tahir Mehmood
Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan.
J Pharm Policy Pract. 2023 Sep 19;16(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s40545-023-00606-4.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health challenge. CKD patients have compromised renal function, which not only alters the pharmacokinetics of drugs but also their pharmacodynamics. Adjusting drug doses for these patients is essential to achieve the intended clinical outcomes, prevent adverse drug events, and halt further progression of the disease. Pharmacists play a pivotal role in ensuring safe and appropriate therapy for CKD patients. However, there is a noticeable absence of national dosing guidelines for CKD in Pakistan, coupled with a scarcity of studies exploring the knowledge, attitude, and perception of renal dose adjustments in the country. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of pharmacists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and Islamabad regarding renal dose adjustments.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to gauge the knowledge, attitude, and perception of pharmacists working in various cities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the capital city, Islamabad, from February to May 2023. The Renal Dosing Questionnaire-13 (RDQ-13) scale was employed for this purpose. The survey link was disseminated through emails, and the RDQ-13 scale was also completed in person by pharmacists from hospitals, clinics, community, and retail settings who interact with CKD patients. Univariate linear regression was employed, and factors with a p value < 0.25 were subjected to multivariate linear regression. For comparing knowledge, attitude, and perception scores of pharmacists, the independent t test and one-way ANOVA were utilized as appropriate. A p value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Of the 384 pharmacists approached, 270 completed the RDQ-13 scale, resulting in a response rate of 70.3%. The overall knowledge score regarding renal dose adjustment was 21.24 ± 2.18 (mean ± SD). Attitude scores averaged at 10.04 ± 1.81, and perception scores at 7.19 ± 2.15. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive correlation between the pharmacists' perception scores and gender, with male pharmacists scoring higher than their female counterparts.
The study underscores the importance of instituting targeted training programs for pharmacists, ensuring access to dependable resources, and promoting research and results dissemination in the realm of renal pharmacotherapy to enhance public health outcomes.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）对公共卫生构成重大挑战。CKD患者的肾功能受损，这不仅会改变药物的药代动力学，还会影响其药效学。为这些患者调整药物剂量对于实现预期的临床疗效、预防药物不良事件以及阻止疾病的进一步发展至关重要。药剂师在确保CKD患者安全、恰当治疗方面发挥着关键作用。然而，巴基斯坦明显缺乏针对CKD的国家给药指南，同时也缺乏探索该国肾脏剂量调整的知识、态度和认知的研究。本研究旨在评估开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省和伊斯兰堡药剂师对肾脏剂量调整的知识、态度和认知。
于2023年2月至5月进行了一项横断面研究，以评估在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省各城市及首都伊斯兰堡工作的药剂师的知识、态度和认知。为此采用了肾脏给药问卷-13（RDQ-13）量表。调查链接通过电子邮件分发，来自医院、诊所、社区和零售机构且与CKD患者有接触的药剂师也亲自完成了RDQ-13量表。采用单变量线性回归分析，p值<0.25的因素进行多变量线性回归分析。为比较药剂师的知识、态度和认知得分，酌情使用独立t检验和单因素方差分析。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
在384名受访药剂师中，270名完成了RDQ-13量表，回复率为70.3%。肾脏剂量调整的总体知识得分为21.24±2.18（均值±标准差）。态度得分平均为10.04±1.81，认知得分平均为7.19±2.15。多变量分析表明，药剂师的认知得分与性别呈正相关，男性药剂师得分高于女性药剂师。
该研究强调了为药剂师制定针对性培训计划、确保获取可靠资源以及促进肾脏药物治疗领域的研究和结果传播以改善公共卫生结果的重要性。
