Wong Grace, Kenny Ross, Hannam Matthew, Colucci Gianluca
Department of General Surgery, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, UK.
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK.
J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Jul 29;12:240. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1559_22. eCollection 2023.
Clinical and communication skills involved in managing patient death are essential for medical practitioners, yet these skills are often neglected in undergraduate medical education. We aim to review current reported evidence of simulation-based education on medical students' preparedness and performance toward patient death. A narrative review of the literature on simulation-based education for medical students on patient death was conducted. Data on study design, simulation dimension, evaluation tool, and outcome were collected and summarized. Eleven prospective studies were included for narrative review. Simulation modalities included mannequins, standardized patients, and online virtual reality. Heterogeneity in the evaluation tool of simulation-based education was demonstrated. Ninety percent of studies concluded positive outcome of simulation on improving medical students' preparedness in patient death. No negative or adverse learner reaction was reported. Simulation-based education may safely improve medical students' competence in handling patient death. Current data and evaluation tools of education outcomes are sparse and heterogeneous. Future research is encouraged to explore this under-researched topic, amid increasing interest in the use of simulation in medical education.
处理患者死亡所涉及的临床和沟通技能对医生来说至关重要，但这些技能在本科医学教育中常常被忽视。我们旨在回顾目前已报道的关于基于模拟的教育对医学生应对患者死亡的准备情况和表现的证据。对有关医学生患者死亡模拟教育的文献进行了叙述性综述。收集并总结了关于研究设计、模拟维度、评估工具和结果的数据。纳入了11项前瞻性研究进行叙述性综述。模拟方式包括人体模型、标准化病人和在线虚拟现实。基于模拟的教育评估工具存在异质性。90%的研究得出模拟对提高医学生应对患者死亡的准备情况有积极效果的结论。未报告负面或不良的学习者反应。基于模拟的教育可以安全地提高医学生处理患者死亡的能力。目前关于教育结果的数据和评估工具稀少且异质性较大。鉴于对医学教育中模拟使用的兴趣日益增加，鼓励未来的研究探索这个研究不足的主题。
