Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 10090, Rabat, Morocco.
Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 20;13(1):15548. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-41565-9.
Sorghum Bicolor is a cereal used for grains as feed and food, mainly cultivated in dry areas. To study the possibilities of increasing its cultivation for feed purposes, ecological, morpho-agronomical, and bromatological characterization of some local ecotypes was conducted as the first steps toward selecting better cultivars. Indeed, twenty-one ecotypes were collected from farms in Northern Morocco in 2018. The edapho-climatic parameters of the collection sites were evaluated. The ecotypes were cultivated in 2019 in an experimental field with a randomized complete block design with three replicates. At the maturity stage, plants were evaluated for agro-morphological parameters, and grains and straw (leaves and stems) were harvested and analyzed. The results indicated significant variations between ecotypes for almost all parameters and an interesting grain yield of 3.5 T/ha with a 176% yield variation. The nutritive value of grains was interesting compared to straw, especially for mean protein contents (10.5% DM) and organic matter digestibility (81.4%). The calculated genetic parameters emphasized the possibility of selecting highly productive and nutritive cultivars. Multivariate analysis clustered the ecotypes into five groups based on agro-morphological, bromatological, and antioxidant activity parameters; the third group was characterized by high grain-yielding ecotypes, and the fifth one by high nutritive ecotypes. The E21 ecotype, belonging to this last group, was a promising selection candidate as it combines both. No significant correlation link between agro-morphological and bromatological traits of grains and geographical distances was discerned. Sorghum bicolor could thus be improved only according to the researched agro-morphological and bromatological traits.
高粱是一种用于谷物饲料和食品的谷物，主要在干旱地区种植。为了研究增加其作为饲料种植的可能性，对一些当地生态型进行了生态、形态农学和营养特性研究，作为选择更好品种的第一步。事实上，2018 年从摩洛哥北部的农场收集了 21 个生态型。评估了收集点的土壤-气候参数。2019 年，这些生态型在一个具有随机完全区组设计的实验田中进行了种植，有三个重复。在成熟阶段，对植物进行了农艺形态参数评估，收获了谷物和秸秆（叶片和茎）并进行了分析。结果表明，几乎所有参数在生态型之间都存在显著差异，产量高达 3.5 吨/公顷，产量变化达 176%。与秸秆相比，谷物的营养价值很有趣，特别是平均蛋白质含量（干物质的 10.5%）和有机物消化率（81.4%）。计算的遗传参数强调了选择高产品种和营养品种的可能性。多元分析根据农艺形态学、营养特性和抗氧化活性参数将生态型分为五组；第三组的特点是高产量的生态型，第五组的特点是高营养的生态型。属于最后一组的 E21 生态型是一个很有前途的选择，因为它兼具两者的特点。未发现谷物的农艺形态学和营养特性与地理距离之间存在显著的相关关系。因此，高粱只能根据研究的农艺形态学和营养特性进行改良。
