Andiku Charles, Shimelis Hussein, Shayanowako Admire I T, Gangashetty Prakash I, Manyasa Eric
African Center for Crop Improvement (ACCI), School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
National Semi-Arid Resources Research Institute (NaSARRI), P.O. Box 56, Soroti, Uganda.
Heliyon. 2022 Jun 10;8(6):e09690. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09690. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Breeding for climate-resilient, high-yielding, and nutrient-rich sorghum cultivars is essential for sustainable food systems and enhanced livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic diversity among East African sorghum germplasm collections through agronomic and nutritional quality traits to select promising lines for direct production or breeding. A collection of 348 sorghum germplasm was field evaluated at two locations in Uganda using an augmented design, and grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents were profiled. Data were collected on 20 sorghum agro-morphological traits and Fe and Zn compositions. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) variation was detected amongst the test genotypes for all the assessed traits, suggesting the presence of sufficient genetic diversity for selection. High heritability (H > 0.60) and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GA >20%) were computed for grain yield, Zn content, and selected agronomic traits, ensuring genetic gains through selection. A significant positive correlation was recorded between Fe and Zn concentrations (r = 0.32, P < 0.001), allowing simultaneous selection for the two nutrient compositions. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits resolved the test sorghum genotypes into four distinct genetic groups. Six genotypes with superior agronomic traits and high Fe and Zn contents were identified for production or potential parents for quality breeding. Overall, the current study found considerable genetic variation among East African sorghum germplasm collections for strategic conservation and breeding in Uganda or similar agro-ecologies.
培育适应气候变化、高产且营养丰富的高粱品种对于撒哈拉以南非洲地区可持续粮食系统和改善生计至关重要。因此，本研究旨在通过农艺和营养品质性状确定东非高粱种质资源库中的遗传多样性，以选择有前景的品系用于直接生产或育种。利用增广设计在乌干达的两个地点对348份高粱种质资源进行了田间评估，并对籽粒铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）含量进行了分析。收集了20个高粱农艺形态性状以及铁和锌成分的数据。在所有评估性状的测试基因型之间检测到显著（P≤0.05）变异，表明存在足够的遗传多样性可供选择。计算了籽粒产量、锌含量和选定农艺性状的高遗传力（H>0.60）和遗传进展占均值的百分比（GA>20%），确保通过选择获得遗传增益。铁和锌浓度之间记录到显著正相关（r = 0.32，P < 0.001），允许同时选择这两种营养成分。基于表型性状的聚类分析将测试高粱基因型分为四个不同的遗传组。鉴定出六个具有优良农艺性状且铁和锌含量高的基因型用于生产或作为品质育种的潜在亲本。总体而言，本研究发现东非高粱种质资源库在乌干达或类似农业生态环境中进行战略保护和育种时存在相当大的遗传变异。
