Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Dec;31(12):3008-3015. doi: 10.1002/oby.23891. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
This study examined relationships of maternal pregnancy and postpartum diet quality with infant birth size and weight status indicators through 12 months and tested whether breastfeeding duration modifies these associations.
In the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS), dietary intake was assessed six times in 458 mothers who were followed from early pregnancy through 12 months postpartum (2014-2018). Logistic and linear mixed models estimated relationships of pregnancy and postpartum diet quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]) with offspring who were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) at birth, as well as BMI z score (BMIz) and weight-for-length z score (WFLz) at birth, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months.
Pregnancy HEI was inversely related to LGA (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98); HEI was also inversely related to WFLz (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.002) and BMIz (β = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.0009) from birth through 12 months. Postpartum HEI was inversely related to WFLz (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.0009) and BMIz (β = -0.008, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.0007) in infants who were breastfed for at least 6 months, but not in those who were breastfed for a shorter duration.
Maternal diet quality during pregnancy (and during postpartum in mothers who breastfed for a longer duration) was inversely related to LGA and weight status indicators from birth through 12 months. Increasing maternal diet quality may have use for promoting healthy infant weight development.
本研究通过 12 个月的时间，检测了孕妇和产后饮食质量与婴儿出生体重和体重状况指标之间的关系，并检验了母乳喂养持续时间是否会改变这些关联。
在妊娠饮食属性研究（PEAS）中，对 458 名从妊娠早期到产后 12 个月（2014-2018 年）接受随访的母亲进行了六次饮食摄入评估。使用逻辑和线性混合模型估计了妊娠和产后饮食质量（健康饮食指数[HEI]）与出生时巨大儿（LGA）以及出生时 BMI z 评分（BMIz）和体重长度 z 评分（WFLz）、6 周、6 个月和 12 个月的关系。
妊娠 HEI 与 LGA 呈负相关（比值比[OR] = 0.95，95%置信区间：0.92 至 0.98）；HEI 也与 WFLz（β = -0.01，95%置信区间：-0.02 至 -0.002）和 BMIz（β = -0.009，95%置信区间：-0.02 至 -0.0009）呈负相关，从出生到 12 个月。产后 HEI 与母乳喂养至少 6 个月的婴儿的 WFLz（β = -0.01，95%置信区间：-0.02 至 -0.0009）和 BMIz（β = -0.008，95%置信区间：-0.02 至 0.0007）呈负相关，但在母乳喂养时间较短的婴儿中则无相关性。
孕妇在妊娠期间（以及在母乳喂养时间较长的母亲产后期间）的饮食质量与婴儿出生至 12 个月时的 LGA 和体重状况指标呈负相关。提高孕妇饮食质量可能有助于促进婴儿健康体重的发展。
