Funnell Mark P, Embleton Daniel, Morris Thomas, Macrae Heather Z, Hart Nicholas, Mazzotta Tiberio, Lockyer William, Juett Loris A, Mears Stephen A, James Lewis J
National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2023 Jun;41(12):1171-1178. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2259728. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
Research assessing exercise-induced hypohydration on running performance in a temperate environment is scarce. Given the weight-bearing nature of running, the negative effects of hypohydration might be offset by the weight-loss associated with a negative fluid balance. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of exercise-induced hypohydration on running performance in temperate conditions. Seventeen intermittent games players (age 22 ± 1 y; VO 52.5 ± 4.1 mL∙kg∙min) completed preliminary and familiarisation trials, and two experimental trials consisting of 12 blocks of 6 min of running (65% VO; preload) with 1 min passive rest in-between, followed by a 3 km time trial (TT). During the preload, subjects consumed minimal fluid (60 mL) to induce hypohydration (HYP) or water to replace 95% sweat losses (1622 ± 343 mL; EUH). Body mass loss (EUH -0.5 ± 0.3%; HYP -2.2 ± 0.4%; < 0.001), and other changes indicative of hypohydration, including increased serum osmolality, heart rate, thirst sensation, and decreased plasma volume ( ≤ 0.022), were apparent in HYP by the end of the preload. TT performance was ~6% slower in HYP (EUH 900 ± 87 s; HYP 955 ± 110 s; < 0.001). Exercise-induced hypohydration of ~2% body mass impaired 3 km running TT performance in a temperate environment.
评估温带环境下运动引起的低水合状态对跑步表现影响的研究很少。鉴于跑步的负重性质，低水合状态的负面影响可能会被与负水平衡相关的体重减轻所抵消。因此，本研究调查了运动引起的低水合状态对温带条件下跑步表现的影响。17名间歇性比赛运动员（年龄22±1岁；VO₂max 52.5±4.1 mL∙kg∙min⁻¹）完成了初步和熟悉试验，以及两项实验试验，包括12组6分钟的跑步（65% VO₂max；预负荷），每组之间有1分钟的被动休息，随后进行3公里计时赛（TT）。在预负荷期间，受试者摄入极少的液体（60 mL）以诱导低水合状态（HYP），或摄入水以补充95%的汗液流失（1622±343 mL；EUH）。到预负荷结束时，HYP组出现了体重减轻（EUH组 -0.5±0.3%；HYP组 -2.2±0.4%；P<0.001），以及其他低水合状态的指标变化，包括血清渗透压升高、心率加快、口渴感增加和血浆量减少（P≤0.022）。HYP组的TT表现比EUH组慢约6%（EUH组900±87秒；HYP组955±110秒；P<0.001）。在温带环境中，运动引起的约2%体重的低水合状态会损害3公里跑步计时赛的表现。
