新型基于酶的化学机械去龋剂的体外研究进展。

The in-vitro development of novel enzyme-based chemo-mechanical caries removal agents.

机构信息

Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Department of chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

出版信息

J Dent. 2023 Nov;138:104714. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104714. Epub 2023 Sep 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104714

PMID:37734529

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Bromelain is a potent proteolytic enzyme that has a unique functionality makes it valuable for various therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to develop three novel formulations based on bromelain to be used as chemomechanical caries removal agents.

METHODS

The novel agents were prepared using different concentrations of bromelain (10-40 wt. %), with and without 0.1-0.3 wt. % chloramine T or 0.5-1.5 wt. % chlorhexidine (CHX). Based on the enzymatic activity test, three formulations were selected; 30 % bromelain (F1), 30 % bromelain-0.1 % chloramine (F2) and 30 % bromelain-1.5 % CHX (F3). The assessments included molecular docking, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity and pH measurements. The efficiency of caries removal was assessed by DIAGNOdent pen, measuring the excavation time and number of applications, followed by a morphological evaluation of the remaining dentine using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were compared to Brix 3000 as a control.

RESULTS

The chloramine and chlorhexidine were chemically compatible with bromelain without compromising the enzyme activity. All experimental formulations showed higher viscosity and pH in comparison to Brix 3000. The DIAGNOdent readings were <20 in all groups, and the lowest readings were observed in F2. The excavation time and number of applications were lowest in F2 and F1. Both F2 and F3 produced smooth dentine surfaces with less tissue debris, but more patent dentine tubules were observed in F1 and F2.

CONCLUSIONS

The bromelain-contained formulations showed a potential to be used as chemomechanical caries removal agents in vitro. Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to validate this claim.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The bromelain from pineapple stem has broad specificity for cleavage the peptide bonds in denatured protein to facilitate their removal. The study proved the efficiency of this enzyme to remove the dental caries chemomechanically when used alone or conjugated with chloramine and/or chlorhexidine to enhance the disinfecting and cleansing properties.

摘要

目的

菠萝蛋白酶是一种有效的蛋白水解酶，具有独特的功能，使其在各种治疗用途中具有价值。本研究旨在开发三种基于菠萝蛋白酶的新型制剂，用作化学机械去龋剂。

方法

新型制剂使用不同浓度的菠萝蛋白酶（10-40wt.%）制备，有和没有 0.1-0.3wt.%氯胺 T 或 0.5-1.5wt.%洗必泰（CHX）。基于酶活性测试，选择了三种制剂；30%菠萝蛋白酶（F1）、30%菠萝蛋白酶-0.1%氯胺（F2）和 30%菠萝蛋白酶-1.5%CHX（F3）。评估包括分子对接、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、粘度和 pH 值测量。通过 DIAGNOdent 笔评估去龋效率，测量挖掘时间和应用次数，然后使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对剩余牙本质进行形态评估。结果与 Brix 3000 作为对照进行比较。

结果

氯胺和洗必泰与菠萝蛋白酶在不影响酶活性的情况下化学兼容。所有实验制剂的粘度和 pH 值均高于 Brix 3000。所有组的 DIAGNOdent 读数均<20，F2 读数最低。F2 和 F1 的挖掘时间和应用次数最少。F2 和 F3 都产生了光滑的牙本质表面，组织碎屑较少，但在 F1 和 F2 中观察到更多的开放牙本质小管。