Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany.
Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Oct;153:105399. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105399. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
The N170 is the most prominent electrophysiological signature of face processing. While facial expressions reliably modulate the N170, there is considerable variance in N170 modulations by other sources of emotional relevance. Therefore, we systematically review and discuss this research area using different methods to manipulate the emotional relevance of inherently neutral faces. These methods were categorized into (1) existing pre-experimental affective person knowledge (e.g., negative attitudes towards outgroup faces), (2) experimentally instructed affective person knowledge (e.g., negative person information), (3) contingency-based affective learning (e.g., fear-conditioning), or (4) the immediate affective context (e.g., emotional information directly preceding the face presentation). For all categories except the immediate affective context category, the majority of studies reported significantly increased N170 amplitudes depending on the emotional relevance of faces. Furthermore, the potentiated N170 was observed across different attention conditions, supporting the role of the emotional relevance of faces on the early prioritized processing of configural facial information, regardless of low-level differences. However, we identified several open research questions and suggest venues for further research.
N170 是面孔加工中最显著的电生理特征。尽管面部表情可靠地调节 N170，但其他情感相关来源对面部表情的调节存在相当大的差异。因此，我们使用不同的方法来操纵固有中性面孔的情感相关性，系统地回顾和讨论了这个研究领域。这些方法分为（1）现有的预实验情感个体知识（例如，对外群体面孔的消极态度），（2）实验指导的情感个体知识（例如，负面的个人信息），（3）基于关联的情感学习（例如，恐惧条件反射），或（4）即时的情感语境（例如，在面孔呈现之前直接出现的情感信息）。除了即时情感语境类别外，除了即时情感语境类别外，大多数研究报告称，根据面孔的情感相关性，N170 振幅显著增加。此外，在不同的注意条件下观察到增强的 N170，支持了面孔的情感相关性对面部信息整体优先处理的早期作用，而不考虑低水平差异。然而，我们确定了几个开放性的研究问题，并提出了进一步研究的场所。
