探究基于生物启发的激发态质子转移/质子耦合电子转移的铱(III)配合物作为细胞器靶向光疗剂:缺氧条件下的氧化还原催化以引发协同铁死亡/凋亡
Interrogating bioinspired ESIPT/PCET-based Ir(iii)-complexes as organelle-targeted phototherapeutics: a redox-catalysis under hypoxia to evoke synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis.
作者信息
Shee Maniklal, Zhang Dan, Banerjee Moumita, Roy Samrat, Pal Bipul, Anoop Anakuthil, Yuan Youyong, Singh N D Pradeep
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
出版信息
Chem Sci. 2023 Aug 29;14(36):9872-9884. doi: 10.1039/d3sc03096b. eCollection 2023 Sep 20.
Installing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in Ir-complexes is indeed a newly explored phenomenon, offering high quantum efficiency and tunable photophysics; however, the prospects for its application in various fields, including interrogating biological systems, are quite open and exciting. Herein, we developed various organelle-targeted Ir(iii)-complexes by leveraging the photoinduced PCET process to see the opportunities in phototherapeutic application and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action (MOAs). We diversified the ligands' nature and also incorporated a H-bonded benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) moiety with π-conjugated ancillary ligands in Ir(iii) to study the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for tuning dual emission bands and to tempt excited-state PCET. These visible or two-photon-NIR light activatable Ir-catalysts generate reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and simultaneously oxidize electron donating biomolecules (1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or glutathione) to disrupt redox homeostasis, downregulate the GPX4 enzyme, and amplify oxidative stress and lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation. Our homogeneous photocatalytic platform efficiently triggers organelle dysfunction mediated by a Fenton-like pathway with spatiotemporal control upon illumination to evoke ferroptosis poised with the synergistic action of apoptosis in a hypoxic environment leading to cell death. Ir2 is the most efficient photochemotherapy agent among others, which provided profound cytophototoxicity to 4T1 and MCF-7 cancerous cells and inhibited solid hypoxic tumor growth and .
在铱配合物中引入质子耦合电子转移(PCET)确实是一个新探索的现象,具有高量子效率和可调节的光物理性质;然而,其在包括研究生物系统在内的各个领域的应用前景十分广阔且令人兴奋。在此,我们通过利用光诱导的PCET过程开发了各种靶向细胞器的铱(III)配合物,以探寻光治疗应用中的机会并研究其潜在的作用机制(MOA)。我们使配体的性质多样化,并在铱(III)中引入了带有π共轭辅助配体的氢键连接的苯并咪唑 - 苯酚(BIP)部分,以研究激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)过程,用于调节双发射带并引发激发态PCET。这些可见光或双光子近红外光可激活的铱催化剂会产生活性羟基自由基(˙OH),同时氧化供电子生物分子(1,4 - 二氢烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸或谷胱甘肽),以破坏氧化还原稳态,下调谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)酶,并放大氧化应激和脂质过氧化物(LPO)积累。我们的均相光催化平台通过类似芬顿途径在光照下实现时空控制,有效触发细胞器功能障碍,从而在缺氧环境中引发铁死亡,并与凋亡协同作用导致细胞死亡。铱2是其中最有效的光化学治疗剂,它对4T1和MCF - 7癌细胞具有显著的细胞光毒性,并抑制实体缺氧肿瘤的生长。
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