Rosenblat Michael A, Arnold Jem, Nelson Hannah, Watt Jennifer, Seiler Stephen
Evidence-Based Coaching, Toronto, ON, Canada.
School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Sports Med. 2024 Feb;54(2):429-446. doi: 10.1007/s40279-023-01924-y. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
To improve sport performance, athletes use training regimens that include exercise below and above the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS).
The objective of this review was to determine the additional effect of training above MMSS on VO, W and time-trial (TT) performance in endurance-trained athletes.
Studies were included in the review if they (i) were published in academic journals, (ii) were in English, (iii) were prospective, (iv) included trained participants, (v) had an intervention group that contained training above and below MMSS, (vi) had a comparator group that only performed training below MMSS, and (vii) reported results for VO, W, or TT performance. Medline and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception until February 23, 2023.
Fourteen studies that ranged from 2 to 12 weeks were included in the review. There were 171 recreational and 128 competitive endurance athletes. The mean age and VO of participants ranged from 15 to 43 years and 38 to 68 mL·kg·min, respectively. The inclusion of training above MMSS led to a 2.5 mL·kg·min (95% CI 1.4-3.6; p < 0.01; I = 0%) greater improvement in VO. A minimum of 81 participants per group would be required to obtain sufficient power to determine a significant effect (SMD 0.44) for VO. No intensity-specific effect was observed for W or TT performance, in part due to a smaller sample size.
A single training meso-cycle that includes training above MMSS can improve VO in endurance-trained athletes more than training only below MMSS. However, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that concurrent adaptation occurs for W or TT performance.
为提高运动成绩，运动员采用的训练方案包括低于和高于最大代谢稳定状态（MMSS）的运动。
本综述的目的是确定高于MMSS的训练对耐力训练运动员的摄氧量（V̇O₂）、功率（W）和计时赛（TT）成绩的额外影响。
若研究符合以下条件，则纳入本综述：（i）发表于学术期刊；（ii）为英文；（iii）为前瞻性研究；（iv）纳入经过训练的参与者；（v）有一个干预组，其中包含高于和低于MMSS的训练；（vi）有一个对照组，仅进行低于MMSS的训练；（vii）报告了V̇O₂、W或TT成绩的结果。检索了Medline和SPORTDiscus数据库，检索时间从建库至2023年2月23日。
本综述纳入了14项为期2至12周的研究。共有171名休闲耐力运动员和128名竞技耐力运动员。参与者的平均年龄为15至43岁，V̇O₂范围为38至68 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹。纳入高于MMSS的训练使V̇O₂的改善幅度提高了2.5 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹（95%CI 1.4 - 3.6；p < 0.01；I² = 0%）。每组至少需要81名参与者才能获得足够的效能以确定V̇O₂的显著效应（标准化均数差0.44）。未观察到W或TT成绩的强度特异性效应，部分原因是样本量较小。
一个包含高于MMSS训练的单一训练中周期，相比仅低于MMSS的训练，能更有效地提高耐力训练运动员的V̇O₂。然而，我们没有足够的证据得出W或TT成绩会同时发生适应性变化的结论。
