Neitz J, Jacobs G H
Nature. 1986;323(6089):623-5. doi: 10.1038/323623a0.
Colour vision is based on the presence of multiple classes of cone each of which contains a different type of photopigment. Colour matching tests have long revealed that the normal human has three cone types. Results from these tests have also been used to provide estimates of cone spectral sensitivities. There are significant variations in colour matches made by individuals whose colour vision is classified as normal. Some of this is due to individual differences in preretinal absorption and photopigment density, but some is also believed to arise because there is variation in the spectral positioning of the cone pigments among those who have normal colour vision. We have used a sensitive colour matching test to examine the magnitude and nature of this individual variation and here report evidence for the existence of two different long-wavelength cone mechanisms in normal humans. The different patterns of colour matches made by male and female subjects indicate these two mechanisms are inherited as an X-chromosome linked trait.
色觉基于多种视锥细胞的存在，每种视锥细胞都含有不同类型的光色素。长期以来，颜色匹配测试表明正常人有三种视锥细胞类型。这些测试结果也被用于估计视锥细胞的光谱敏感度。在被归类为色觉正常的个体所进行的颜色匹配中存在显著差异。部分原因是视网膜前吸收和光色素密度的个体差异，但也有人认为部分差异是由于色觉正常的人之间视锥色素的光谱定位存在变化。我们使用了一种灵敏的颜色匹配测试来研究这种个体差异的程度和性质，在此报告正常人中存在两种不同的长波长视锥细胞机制的证据。男性和女性受试者做出的不同颜色匹配模式表明这两种机制作为一种X染色体连锁性状遗传。
