Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
BMC Nephrol. 2023 Sep 22;24(1):281. doi: 10.1186/s12882-023-03336-6.
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients undergoing hemodialysis are faced with serious problems in their lives. Hope, as a multifaceted factor, plays a critical role in these patients' lives. Given the multifaceted process of hope, this study aimed to describe hope and identify the challenges, strategies, and outcomes of hope in Iranian ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This is a qualitative study using content analysis. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected using deep, semi-structured interviews with 14 participants; it continued until reaching data saturation. Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach was used to analyze the data.
Five main categories and twenty-two subcategories emerged; the categories consisted of (1) Hope described as a particular event to happen, (2) Opportunities and threats to achieve hope, (3) Negative emotions as barriers to achieve hope, (4) Positive coping strategies to achieve hope, and (5) Growth and excellence as the outcomes of hope.
Based on the findings, ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis described hope as a positive feeling of expectation and desire for a special thing to happen. They faced threats and opportunities to achieve hope, which exposed them to negative emotions as barriers of hope. Thus, they make use of positive coping strategies to achieve hope. Moreover, hope led to growth and excellence. Through awareness of hope, definition and strategies to achieve it, and teaching them, physicians and nurses working in hemodialysis wards can enhance hope in patients.
接受血液透析的终末期肾病（ESRD）患者在生活中面临着严重的问题。希望作为一个多面向的因素，在这些患者的生活中起着至关重要的作用。鉴于希望的多面向过程，本研究旨在描述希望，并确定伊朗接受血液透析的 ESRD 患者的希望所面临的挑战、策略和结果。
这是一项使用内容分析法的定性研究。参与者采用目的抽样法选择。通过对 14 名参与者进行深入、半结构化访谈收集数据，直到达到数据饱和。采用 Graneheim 和 Lundman 内容分析法对数据进行分析。
出现了五个主要类别和二十二个子类别；类别包括：（1）希望被描述为即将发生的特殊事件，（2）实现希望的机会和威胁，（3）实现希望的负面情绪障碍，（4）实现希望的积极应对策略，以及（5）希望的成长和卓越。
根据研究结果，接受血液透析的 ESRD 患者将希望描述为对特殊事物发生的积极期待和渴望。他们面临着实现希望的威胁和机会，这使他们产生了实现希望的负面情绪障碍。因此，他们采用积极的应对策略来实现希望。此外，希望导致成长和卓越。通过提高对希望的认识、确定实现希望的策略并对患者进行教授，在血液透析病房工作的医生和护士可以增强患者的希望。
