Koirala Prashanna, Dhakal Sandesh, Malla Bikram, Ghimire Archana, Siddiqui Mohammad Ataullah, Dawadi Prabin
National Animal Breeding and Genetics Research Center, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Microbiol Insights. 2023 Sep 22;16:11786361231201598. doi: 10.1177/11786361231201598. eCollection 2023.
Pathogenic viruses have been abundant and diverse in wastewater, reflecting the pattern of infection in humans. Human feces, urine, and perhaps other washouts that frequently circulate in sewage systems may contaminate wastewater with SARS-CoV-2. It's crucial to effectively disinfect wastewater since poorly handled wastewater could put the population at risk of infection.
To emphasize the presence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage (wastewater) through viral shedding from the patients to detect the virus in the population using wastewater-based epidemiology. Also, to effectively manage the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce the spread of the virus in the population using disinfectants is highlighted.
We evaluated articles from December 2019 to August 2022 that addressed SARS-CoV-2 shedding in wastewater and surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology. We included the papers on wastewater disinfection for the elimination of SARS-CoV-2. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research4Life are the three electronic databases from which all of the papers were retrieved.
It is possible for viral shedding to get into the wastewater. The enumeration of viral RNA from it can be used to monitor virus circulation in the human community. SARS-CoV-2 can be removed from wastewater by using modern disinfection techniques such as sodium hypochlorite, liquid chlorine, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, and ultraviolet light.
SARS-CoV-2 burden estimates at the population level can be obtained via longitudinal examination of wastewater, and SARS-CoV-2 can be removed from the wastewater through disinfection.
致病病毒在废水中种类繁多，反映了人类的感染模式。人类粪便、尿液以及可能在污水系统中频繁循环的其他排泄物可能会使废水中含有严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。有效消毒废水至关重要，因为处理不当的废水可能会使人群面临感染风险。
强调SARS-CoV-2通过患者的病毒排泄在污水（废水）中的存在和传播，利用基于废水的流行病学方法在人群中检测该病毒。此外，还强调了使用消毒剂有效控制SARS-CoV-2的传播并减少该病毒在人群中的扩散。
我们评估了2019年12月至2022年8月期间涉及废水中SARS-CoV-2排泄以及通过基于废水的流行病学进行监测的文章。我们纳入了关于消除SARS-CoV-2的废水消毒的论文。所有论文均从谷歌学术、PubMed和Research4Life这三个电子数据库中检索。
病毒排泄有可能进入废水。对其中病毒RNA的计数可用于监测病毒在人类群体中的传播情况。通过使用次氯酸钠、液氯、二氧化氯、过氧乙酸和紫外线等现代消毒技术，可以从废水中去除SARS-CoV-2。
通过对废水的纵向检测可以获得人群层面的SARS-CoV-2负荷估计值，并且可以通过消毒从废水中去除SARS-CoV-2。
