Augenstein Jacqueline A, Smaldone Arlene M, Usseglio John, Bruzzese Jean-Marie
Columbia University School of Nursing (JA Augenstein, AM Smaldone, J-M Bruzzese), New York, NY,.
Columbia University School of Nursing (JA Augenstein, AM Smaldone, J-M Bruzzese), New York, NY,; Columbia University College of Dental Medicine (AM Smaldone), New York, NY.
Acad Pediatr. 2024 Mar;24(2):228-242. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.09.012. Epub 2023 Sep 23.
There are documented links between substance use and poor educational outcomes. However, less is known about electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in relation to academics. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to synthesize associations between e-cigarette use and academic performance among adolescents and young adults.
Seven electronic databases were searched. Original research articles were included if associations between e-cigarette use and academic performance among adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 25 years were examined. Extracted data included study and participant descriptors, measures of e-cigarette use and academic performance, key findings, and study limitations. Measures of academic performance were grouped as academic achievement, academic behaviors, or cognitive attitudes.
Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Most were cross-sectional (n = 28). Significant associations to e-cigarette use were identified across all categories: academic achievement (ie, school grades (n = 24)), academic behaviors (ie, school difficulties (n = 1), time spent on homework (n = 1), school suspension (n = 1), and truancy (n = 3)), and cognitive attitudes (ie, school stress (n = 1), school alienation (n = 1), and school engagement (n = 2)). Longitudinal associations were also identified in 5 prospective cohort studies: among adolescents, poor academic grades (n = 4), and truancy (n = 1) predicted future e-cigarette use, and e-cigarette use predicted future lower school grades (n = 1).
E-cigarette use during adolescence and young adulthood is associated with poor academic achievement. There is some evidence that academic achievement may predict future e-cigarette use; less evidence supports the opposite direction. Study designs are needed to support a causal connection. Investigators should consider moving from studying associations and instead look for causal evidence.
有记录表明物质使用与不良教育成果之间存在联系。然而，关于电子烟使用与学业的关系，人们了解得较少。因此，本范围综述旨在综合青少年和青年中电子烟使用与学业成绩之间的关联。
检索了七个电子数据库。如果研究考察了11至25岁青少年和青年中电子烟使用与学业成绩之间的关联，则纳入原始研究文章。提取的数据包括研究和参与者描述、电子烟使用和学业成绩的测量、主要发现以及研究局限性。学业成绩的测量分为学业成就、学业行为或认知态度。
33项研究符合纳入标准。大多数为横断面研究（n = 28）。在所有类别中均发现了与电子烟使用的显著关联：学业成就（即学校成绩（n = 24））、学业行为（即学校困难（n = 1）、做作业时间（n = 1）、学校停课（n = 1）和逃学（n = 3））以及认知态度（即学校压力（n = 1）、学校疏离感（n = 1）和学校参与度（n = 2））。在5项前瞻性队列研究中也发现了纵向关联：在青少年中，学业成绩差（n = 4）和逃学（n = 1）预示着未来会使用电子烟，而使用电子烟预示着未来学校成绩会更低（n = 1）。
青少年和青年时期使用电子烟与学业成绩差有关。有一些证据表明学业成就可能预示着未来会使用电子烟；支持相反方向的证据较少。需要研究设计来支持因果关系。研究人员应考虑从研究关联转向寻找因果证据。
