Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovakia.
Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava 811 08, Slovakia.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2023 Aug;248(15):1347-1358. doi: 10.1177/15353702231198050. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Recent advances in the three-dimensional (3D) cancer models give rise to a plethora of new possibilities in the development of anti-cancer drug therapies and bring us closer to personalized medicine. Three-dimensional models are undoubtedly more authentic than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Nowadays, they are becoming preferentially used in most cancer research fields due to their more accurate biomimetic characteristics. On the contrary, they still lack the cellular and matrix complexity of the native tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses on the description of existing 3D models, the incorporation of TME and fluidics into these models, and their perspective in the future research. It is clear that such an improvement would need not only biological but also technical progress. Therefore, the modern approach to anti-cancer drug discovery should involve various fields.
近年来，三维（3D）癌症模型的进展为抗癌药物疗法的发展带来了大量新的可能性，并使我们更接近个性化医疗。3D 模型无疑比传统的二维（2D）细胞培养更真实。如今，由于它们具有更准确的仿生特性，它们在大多数癌症研究领域中被优先使用。相反，它们仍然缺乏天然肿瘤微环境（TME）的细胞和基质复杂性。本文综述了现有的 3D 模型的描述，以及将 TME 和流体力学纳入这些模型的方法，以及它们在未来研究中的前景。很明显，这种改进不仅需要生物学方面的进步，还需要技术方面的进步。因此，抗癌药物发现的现代方法应该涉及多个领域。
