Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2023 Sep 26;111(4):51. doi: 10.1007/s00128-023-03809-2.
Animal husbandry wastewaters represent an important source of pharmaceuticals into the environment. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their hazard in wastewater from a model dairy farm from Costa Rica. Among the seven pharmaceuticals detected (acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, risperidone, sulfamethazine), caffeine, ibuprofen and acetaminophen showed the highest concentrations, while caffeine, carbamazepine and risperidone were the most frequently detected compounds. High (HQ ≥ 1) or medium (0.1 ≤ HQ < 1) hazard were estimated for three (caffeine, ibuprofen, risperidone) and two (acetaminophen, ketoprofen) pharmaceuticals, respectively; similarly, high overall hazard (∑HQ) and significant ecotoxicity were determined in samples from all sampling points. According to our results, the release of these aqueous matrices is a matter of environmental concern, as the treated wastewater is used for farm irrigation or directly released into nearby water streams. This work contributes to the knowledge on the scarcely described occurrence and risk of pharmaceuticals in Latin American regions.
动物养殖废水是环境中药物的重要来源之一。本研究旨在评估哥斯达黎加一个模型奶牛场废水中药物的存在情况及其危害。在所检测到的七种药物（对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、卡马西平、布洛芬、酮洛芬、利培酮、磺胺甲噁唑）中，咖啡因、布洛芬和对乙酰氨基酚的浓度最高，而咖啡因、卡马西平和利培酮是最常被检测到的化合物。三种药物（咖啡因、布洛芬、利培酮）的高（HQ≥1）或中（0.1≤HQ<1）危害，两种药物（对乙酰氨基酚、酮洛芬）的中危害分别被评估；同样，在所有采样点的样本中都检测到了高的总危害（∑HQ）和显著的生态毒性。根据我们的研究结果，这些水基基质的排放是一个环境问题，因为处理后的废水被用于农场灌溉或直接排放到附近的溪流中。本工作有助于了解拉丁美洲地区药物的存在情况和风险，这在该地区是鲜为人知的。
