Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023 Sep 26;23(1):338. doi: 10.1186/s12906-023-04116-3.
One of the most common types of cancer in women is breast cancer. There are numerous natural plant-based products, which exert anti-tumoral effects including Elaeagnus Angustifolia (EA). It modulates cell-cycle process, heat-shock proteins expression, anti-proliferative properties, apoptosis induction, blocking of angiogenesis, and cell invasion inhibition. The current study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the anticancer effects of hydroalcoholic EA extract (HEAE), Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nHAp synthesized trough EA (nHA-EA) in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
In the present study, HEAE preparation and green synthesis of nHA-EA was done and phase composition, functional groups, and crystallin phase of nHA-EA and nHAp were determined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles including structural and morphological parameters were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Then, by using MTT-assay (Dimethylthiazoldiphenyltetrazolium), the in vitro cytotoxic and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of EA extract, nHAp, and nHA-EA in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was evaluated. Next, we assessed the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl2 and p53 using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) and migration of MCF-7 cells by scratch assay.
The FTIR results demonstrated formation of nHAp and its interaction with HEAE during synthesis process. The XRD results of the synthesized nanoparticles showed similar XRD pattern of nHA-EA and nHAp and purity of synthesized nanomaterials. The average IC of HEAE, nHAp, and nHA-EA extract after treatment of cancer cells for 24 h was 400 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Our results revealed that nHA-EA significantly reduced the migration and invasion of the MCF-7 cells, in comparison to the nHAp and EA extract. Moreover, level of Bax/Bcl2 and p53 was significantly higher in the nHA-EA extract group in comparison to the EA extract and nHAp group.
Taken together, our results demonstrated that bioactive constituents of EA medicinal plant in form of nHA-EA particles, can effectively exerts potential anticancer and chemo preventive effect against breast cancer growth and can be proposed as a promising beneficial candidate for BC therapy. However, further investigations are required to discover what bioactive compounds are responsible for the chemo preventive effect of this extract.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症之一。有许多天然植物产品具有抗肿瘤作用，包括沙棘（EA）。它调节细胞周期过程、热休克蛋白表达、抗增殖特性、诱导细胞凋亡、阻断血管生成和细胞侵袭抑制。本研究旨在合成并评估水醇提沙棘提取物（HEAE）、纳米羟基磷灰石（nHAp）和通过 EA 合成的纳米羟基磷灰石（nHA-EA）在 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞系中的抗癌作用。
在本研究中，制备了 HEAE 并通过绿色合成法合成了 nHA-EA，通过傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）确定了 nHA-EA 和 nHAp 的相组成、官能团和结晶相。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）技术研究了合成纳米粒子的特征，包括结构和形态参数。然后，通过 MTT 法（二甲基噻唑二苯基四唑）评估 EA 提取物、nHAp 和 nHA-EA 在 MCF-7 乳腺癌细胞系中的体外细胞毒性和半最大抑制浓度（IC）。接下来，我们使用定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）评估了凋亡相关基因 Bax、Bcl2 和 p53 的表达，并通过划痕试验评估了 MCF-7 细胞的迁移。
FTIR 结果表明在合成过程中形成了 nHAp 及其与 HEAE 的相互作用。合成纳米粒子的 XRD 结果表明 nHA-EA 和 nHAp 的 XRD 图谱相似，且合成纳米材料的纯度较高。HEAE、nHAp 和 nHA-EA 提取物在处理癌细胞 24 小时后的平均 IC 分别为 400µg/mL、200µg/mL 和 100µg/mL。我们的结果表明，与 nHAp 和 EA 提取物相比，nHA-EA 显著降低了 MCF-7 细胞的迁移和侵袭。此外，与 EA 提取物和 nHAp 组相比，nHA-EA 提取物组 Bax/Bcl2 和 p53 的水平显著升高。
综上所述，我们的结果表明，沙棘药用植物的生物活性成分以 nHA-EA 颗粒的形式，可以有效地发挥对乳腺癌生长的潜在抗癌和化学预防作用，并可作为治疗乳腺癌的有前途的有益候选物。然而，需要进一步的研究来发现这种提取物具有化学预防作用的生物活性化合物是什么。
