Lee Carol Eunmi
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
iScience. 2023 Sep 7;26(10):107851. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107851. eCollection 2023 Oct 20.
With climate change, habitat salinity is shifting rapidly throughout the globe. In addition, many destructive freshwater invaders are recent immigrants from saline habitats. Recently, populations of the copepod species complex have invaded freshwater habitats multiple times independently from saline estuaries on three continents. This review discusses features of this species complex that could enhance their evolutionary potential during rapid environmental change. Remarkably, across independent freshwater invasions, natural selection has repeatedly favored the same alleles far more than expected. This high degree of parallelism is surprising, given the expectation of nonparallel evolution for polygenic adaptation. Factors such as population structure and the genome architecture underlying critical traits under selection might help drive rapid adaptation and parallel evolution. Given the preponderance of saline-to-freshwater invasions and climate-induced salinity change, the principles found here could provide invaluable insights into mechanisms operating in other systems and the potential for adaptation in a changing planet.
随着气候变化，全球范围内栖息地的盐度正在迅速变化。此外，许多具有破坏性的淡水入侵物种是近期从盐生栖息地迁移而来的。最近，桡足类物种复合体的种群已多次从三大洲的咸水河口独立入侵淡水栖息地。本综述讨论了该物种复合体在快速环境变化期间可能增强其进化潜力的特征。值得注意的是，在独立的淡水入侵事件中，自然选择反复青睐相同的等位基因，其程度远超预期。考虑到多基因适应的非平行进化预期，这种高度的平行性令人惊讶。种群结构以及选择作用下关键性状的基因组结构等因素可能有助于推动快速适应和平行进化。鉴于从咸水到淡水的入侵以及气候引起的盐度变化占主导地位，此处发现的原理可为其他系统中起作用的机制以及在不断变化的星球上的适应潜力提供宝贵的见解。
