Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2023 Sep 18;13(9):889. doi: 10.3390/bios13090889.
Due to the advantages of its numerous modification sites, predictable structure, high thermal stability, and excellent biocompatibility, DNA is the ideal choice as a key component of biosensors. DNA biosensors offer significant advantages over existing bioanalytical techniques, addressing limitations in sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection. Consequently, they have attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide. Here, we exemplify four foundational categories of functional nucleic acids: aptamers, DNAzymes, i-motifs, and G-quadruplexes, from the perspective of the structure-driven functionality in constructing DNA biosensors. Furthermore, we provide a concise overview of the design and detection mechanisms employed in these DNA biosensors. Noteworthy advantages of DNA as a sensor component, including its programmable structure, reaction predictility, exceptional specificity, excellent sensitivity, and thermal stability, are highlighted. These characteristics contribute to the efficacy and reliability of DNA biosensors. Despite their great potential, challenges remain for the successful application of DNA biosensors, spanning storage and detection conditions, as well as associated costs. To overcome these limitations, we propose potential strategies that can be implemented to solve these issues. By offering these insights, we aim to inspire subsequent researchers in related fields.
由于其众多的修饰位点、可预测的结构、高热稳定性和出色的生物相容性，DNA 是作为生物传感器关键组件的理想选择。DNA 生物传感器相对于现有的生物分析技术具有显著优势，解决了灵敏度、选择性和检测限的限制。因此，它们引起了全球研究人员的极大关注。在这里，我们从结构驱动功能的角度举例说明了四种基础功能核酸：适体、DNA 酶、i- 发夹和 G-四联体，构建 DNA 生物传感器。此外，我们还简要概述了这些 DNA 生物传感器中使用的设计和检测机制。强调了 DNA 作为传感器组件的显著优势，包括可编程结构、反应可预测性、卓越的特异性、出色的灵敏度和热稳定性。这些特性有助于提高 DNA 生物传感器的功效和可靠性。尽管具有巨大的潜力，但 DNA 生物传感器在存储和检测条件以及相关成本方面的成功应用仍然存在挑战。为了克服这些限制，我们提出了可以实施的潜在策略来解决这些问题。通过提供这些见解，我们旨在为相关领域的后续研究人员提供启示。
