Tamel Selvan Kartthigeen, Goon Jo Aan, Makpol Suzana, Tan Jen Kit
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Ya'acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Aug 23;21(9):462. doi: 10.3390/md21090462.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. There has been a growing interest in applying natural products to improve metabolic derangements without the side effects of anti-diabetic drugs. Microalgae biomass or extract and their bioactive compounds have been applied as nutraceuticals or additives in food products and health supplements. Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds in improving insulin sensitivity attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pancreatic β-cell protective properties. However, a review summarizing the progression in this topic is lacking despite the increasing number of studies reporting their anti-diabetic potential. In this review, we gathered the findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies to discuss the effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms involved. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae-based compounds as a health supplement for diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, microalgae-based supplementation has the potential to improve diabetes mellitus and be applied in more clinical studies in the future.
糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，其特征是由于胰岛素分泌受损、胰岛素抵抗或两者兼而有之导致的高血糖。氧化应激和慢性低度炎症在糖尿病的病理生理过程中起着关键作用。人们越来越关注应用天然产物来改善代谢紊乱，而不产生抗糖尿病药物的副作用。微藻生物质或提取物及其生物活性化合物已被用作食品和健康补充剂中的营养保健品或添加剂。多项研究表明，微藻及其生物活性化合物因其抗氧化、抗炎和胰腺β细胞保护特性，在改善胰岛素敏感性方面具有治疗作用。然而，尽管越来越多的研究报道了它们的抗糖尿病潜力，但缺乏对该主题进展的综述。在本综述中，我们收集了体外、体内和人体研究的结果，以讨论微藻及其生物活性化合物对糖尿病的影响及其相关机制。此外，我们还讨论了将基于微藻的化合物开发为糖尿病健康补充剂的局限性和未来前景。总之，基于微藻的补充剂有改善糖尿病的潜力，并有望在未来更多的临床研究中得到应用。
