Bernheimer A W, Weinstein S A, Linder R
Toxicon. 1986;24(8):841-9. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(86)90109-1.
Venoms of the Australian elapid snakes Austrelaps superbus and Pseudechis colletti were analyzed in an electrofocusing column. A. superbus venom, little studied in the past, was found to have a mouse i.p. lethal potency of 0.48 mg/kg and to contain at least four lethal components. Venoms of both species had relatively high direct hemolytic activity for washed rabbit erythrocytes, as contrasted with venoms from 23 other species of snakes that were not hemolytic under the conditions used. Among venoms of the same 25 species, those of A. superbus and P. colletti produced turbidity in diluted egg yolk, those of Bungarus caeruleus and Bungarus multicinctus were quantitatively less active on egg yolk, whereas venoms of the 21 remaining species were negative. The component of the venoms responsible for egg yolk reactivity was partially purified and the preparations obtained were strongly active when tested with diluted egg yolk or with erythrocytes. Thin layer and paper chromatographic studies showed that these preparations possessed phospholipase B activity for phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, but sphingomyelin was not degraded. The results suggest that hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine is responsible for both egg yolk reactivity and hemolysis.
对澳大利亚眼镜蛇科蛇类超级澳蛇（Austrelaps superbus）和科氏拟眼镜蛇（Pseudechis colletti）的毒液进行了等电聚焦柱分析。过去研究较少的超级澳蛇毒液，经测定其对小鼠腹腔注射的致死效力为0.48毫克/千克，且至少含有四种致死成分。与其他23种蛇的毒液在所用条件下不具有溶血活性形成对比的是，这两种蛇的毒液对洗涤过的兔红细胞具有相对较高的直接溶血活性。在这25种蛇的毒液中，超级澳蛇和科氏拟眼镜蛇的毒液能使稀释的蛋黄产生浑浊，印度蓝环蛇（Bungarus caeruleus）和多带环蛇（Bungarus multicinctus）的毒液对蛋黄的活性在数量上较低，而其余21种蛇的毒液则呈阴性。对导致蛋黄反应性的毒液成分进行了部分纯化，所得制剂在用稀释蛋黄或红细胞测试时具有很强的活性。薄层色谱和纸色谱研究表明，这些制剂对磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰丝氨酸具有磷脂酶B活性，但鞘磷脂未被降解。结果表明，磷脂酰胆碱的水解是导致蛋黄反应性和溶血的原因。
