Graduate Program in Microbiology, Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
EVAHPI - Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Carlos Chagas Institute (Fiocruz-PR), Curitiba, Brazil.
Mol Microbiol. 2024 Nov;122(5):613-629. doi: 10.1111/mmi.15168. Epub 2023 Sep 27.
The study of host-pathogen interactions has increased considerably in recent decades. This intercellular communication has been mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play an important role during the interaction. EVs are particles of lipid bilayer and described in different types of cells, eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Depending on their biogenesis they are described as exosomes (derived from multivesicular bodies) and microvesicles (derived from the plasma membrane). The EVs carry biomolecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that can be released or internalized by other cells in different pathways (endocytosis, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, or membrane fusion) in the process described as uptake. The balance between biogenesis and uptake of EVs could modify physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cell. This review is focusing on the dynamic roles of release and capture of EVs during host-pathogen interaction. We also do a critical analysis of methodologies for obtaining and analyzing EVs. Finally, we draw attention to critical points to be considered in EV biogenesis and uptake studies.
近年来，宿主-病原体相互作用的研究有了显著增加。这种细胞间通讯是由细胞外囊泡（EVs）介导的，EVs 在相互作用中起着重要作用。EVs 是由脂质双层组成的颗粒，存在于真核细胞或原核细胞等不同类型的细胞中。根据它们的生物发生过程，它们被描述为外泌体（源自多泡体）和微泡体（源自质膜）。EVs 携带生物分子，包括核酸、脂质和蛋白质，这些分子可以通过不同途径（胞吞作用、巨胞饮作用、吞噬作用或膜融合）被其他细胞释放或内化，这个过程被描述为摄取。EVs 的生物发生和摄取之间的平衡可以改变细胞的生理和病理生理过程。本综述重点关注宿主-病原体相互作用过程中 EVs 释放和捕获的动态作用。我们还对 EVs 的获取和分析方法进行了批判性分析。最后，我们提请注意 EV 生物发生和摄取研究中需要考虑的关键点。
