Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Feb 22;15:1327281. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327281. eCollection 2024.
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant neoplasm originating from the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. The pathogenesis of GC is intricately linked to the tumor microenvironment within which the cancer cells reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) primarily differentiate from peripheral blood monocytes and can be broadly categorized into M1 and M2 subtypes. M2-type TAMs have been shown to promote tumor growth, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, they can actively suppress acquired immunity, leading to a poorer prognosis and reduced tolerance to chemotherapy. Exosomes, which contain a myriad of biologically active molecules including lipids, proteins, mRNA, and noncoding RNAs, have emerged as key mediators of communication between tumor cells and TAMs. The exchange of these molecules via exosomes can markedly influence the tumor microenvironment and consequently impact tumor progression. Recent studies have elucidated a correlation between TAMs and various clinicopathological parameters of GC, such as tumor size, differentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging, highlighting the pivotal role of TAMs in GC development and metastasis. In this review, we aim to comprehensively examine the bidirectional communication between GC cells and TAMs, the implications of alterations in the tumor microenvironment on immune escape, invasion, and metastasis in GC, targeted therapeutic approaches for GC, and the efficacy of potential GC drug resistance strategies.
胃癌（GC）是一种起源于胃黏膜上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。GC 的发病机制与肿瘤微环境密切相关，肿瘤细胞就存在于这个微环境中。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）主要来源于外周血单核细胞，可以分为 M1 和 M2 两种亚型。M2 型 TAMs 被证实可以促进肿瘤生长、组织重塑和血管生成。此外，它们还可以积极抑制获得性免疫，导致预后较差，对化疗的耐受性降低。外泌体包含多种生物活性分子，如脂质、蛋白质、mRNA 和非编码 RNA，是肿瘤细胞和 TAMs 之间通讯的关键介质。通过外泌体交换这些分子可以显著影响肿瘤微环境，从而影响肿瘤的进展。最近的研究阐明了 TAMs 与 GC 的各种临床病理参数之间的相关性，例如肿瘤大小、分化、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和 TNM 分期，突出了 TAMs 在 GC 发展和转移中的关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们旨在全面研究 GC 细胞与 TAMs 之间的双向通讯、肿瘤微环境改变对 GC 免疫逃逸、侵袭和转移的影响、GC 的靶向治疗方法以及潜在的 GC 耐药策略的疗效。
