Varela Zulema, Martínez-Abaigar Javier, Tomás-Las-Heras Rafael, Fernández José Ángel, Del-Castillo-Alonso María-Ángeles, Núñez-Olivera Encarnación
CRETUS, Ecology Unit, Department Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Aug 29;12(9):1180. doi: 10.3390/biology12091180.
Physiological variables (the content of chlorophyll, flavonoids and nitrogen, together with F/F) and the content of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn) and two platinum group elements (PGEs: Pd and Rh) were measured in the leaves of 50 individuals of trees regularly distributed in the city of Logroño (Northern Spain). Three of these variables increased with increasing physiological vitality (chlorophyll, nitrogen and F/F), whereas flavonoids increased in response to different abiotic stresses, including pollution. Our aim was to test their adequacy as proxies for the pollution due to heavy metals and PGEs. The three vitality indicators generally showed high values typical of healthy plants, and they did not seem to be consistently affected by the different pollutants. In fact, the three vitality variables were positively correlated with the first factor of a PCA that was dominated by heavy metals (mainly Pb, but also Sb, V and Ni). In addition, F/F was negatively correlated with the second factor of the PCA, which was dominated by PGEs, but the trees showing F/F values below the damage threshold did not coincide with those showing high PGE content. Regarding flavonoid content, it was negatively correlated with PCA factors dominated by heavy metals, which did not confirm its role as a protectant against metal stress. The relatively low levels of pollution usually found in the city of Logroño, together with the influence of other environmental factors and the relative tolerance of to modest atmospheric pollution, probably determined the only slight response of the physiological variables to heavy metals and PGEs.
在西班牙北部洛格罗尼奥市定期分布的50株树木的叶片中，测量了生理变量（叶绿素、类黄酮和氮的含量，以及F/F）以及十种重金属（砷、镉、铜、汞、锰、镍、铅、锑、钒和锌）和两种铂族元素（铂族元素：钯和铑）的含量。这些变量中的三个随着生理活力的增加而增加（叶绿素、氮和F/F），而类黄酮则因包括污染在内的不同非生物胁迫而增加。我们的目的是测试它们作为重金属和铂族元素污染代理指标的适用性。这三个活力指标通常显示出健康植物典型的高值，并且它们似乎没有受到不同污染物的持续影响。事实上，这三个活力变量与主成分分析（PCA）的第一个因子呈正相关，该因子以重金属为主（主要是铅，但也包括锑、钒和镍）。此外，F/F与主成分分析的第二个因子呈负相关，该因子以铂族元素为主，但F/F值低于损伤阈值的树木与铂族元素含量高的树木并不一致。关于类黄酮含量，它与以重金属为主的主成分分析因子呈负相关，这并未证实其作为抗金属胁迫保护剂的作用。洛格罗尼奥市通常发现的相对较低的污染水平，加上其他环境因素的影响以及树木对适度大气污染的相对耐受性，可能决定了生理变量对重金属和铂族元素的唯一轻微反应。
