Ye Yucong, Zhu Bihong, Zhang Junya, Yang Ying, Tian Jiangtao, Xu Wenyue, Du Xinglin, Huang Yizhou, Li Yiming, Zhao Yunlong
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 7;13(18):2837. doi: 10.3390/ani13182837.
, a high-yield economical shrimp, is confronting germplasm degradation in the culture environments found in China, which results in a sharp drop in production. Genetic improvement by hybridization is an effective way to solve this problem. In this study, we selected the hybrid species adapted to low-salinity culture obtained by intraspecific crossing as the experimental group. The control group consisted of normal variety from the Hainan Lutai Company. The two groups of shrimps were cultured for three months under salinities of 1 PSU, 5 PSU, and 15 PSU. Growth-performance-related indicators, biochemical composition, and molting-related gene expression were examined. The results showed that at salinities of 1 PSU and 5 PSU, the survival rate and growth performance of the low-salt breeding group were better than those of the normal variety population. The digestive enzyme activity in the low-salt breeding group was higher, which was consistent with its better growth performance, and was also associated with higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, and glycogen content. Lower levels of lactic acid indicated less anaerobic metabolism and better adaptability to the environment. The amino acid and fatty acids analysis showed that levels of essential amino acids and high unsaturated fatty acids were both higher in the low-salt breeding group than in the normal variety shrimp cultured in a low-salinity environment. The expression levels of genes associated with molting (, , , , and ) were also higher in the low-salt breeding group than in the control group. The results indicated that the hybrid shrimp showed better growth performance and nutritional advantages compared with the normal shrimp under salinities of 1 PSU and 5 PSU. This research provides a valuable reference for subsequent genetic breeding and shrimp culture.
凡纳滨对虾，一种高产经济型虾类，在中国的养殖环境中面临种质退化问题，这导致产量急剧下降。通过杂交进行遗传改良是解决这一问题的有效途径。在本研究中，我们选择通过种内杂交获得的适应低盐度养殖的杂交种作为实验组。对照组由海南禄泰公司的普通品种组成。两组虾在盐度为1PSU、5PSU和15PSU的条件下养殖三个月。检测了与生长性能相关的指标、生化组成以及与蜕皮相关的基因表达。结果表明，在盐度为1PSU和5PSU时，低盐养殖组的存活率和生长性能优于普通品种群体。低盐养殖组的消化酶活性较高，这与其较好的生长性能一致，并且还与较高的甘油三酯、总胆固醇和糖原含量相关。较低的乳酸水平表明厌氧代谢较少，对环境的适应性更好。氨基酸和脂肪酸分析表明，低盐养殖组的必需氨基酸和高不饱和脂肪酸水平均高于在低盐度环境中养殖的普通品种虾。低盐养殖组中与蜕皮相关的基因（、、、、和）的表达水平也高于对照组。结果表明，在盐度为1PSU和5PSU时，杂交虾与普通虾相比表现出更好的生长性能和营养优势。本研究为后续的遗传育种和对虾养殖提供了有价值的参考。
