Dey Tushar Kumar, Lindahl Johanna Frida, Lundkvist Åke, Grace Delia, Deka Ram Pratim, Shome Rajeswari, Bandyopadhyay Samiran, Goyal Naresh Kumar, Sharma Garima, Shome Bibek Ranjan
Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Sep 14;12(9):1449. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091449.
The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla, associated with AmpC production. Additionally, bla, bla, and bla were detected as ESBL producers, while bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla were identified as MBL producers. Notably, spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance.
食用被抗生素耐药菌污染的牛奶对人类健康构成重大威胁。本研究旨在调查印度哈里亚纳邦和阿萨姆邦两个邦的牛奶样本中产β-内酰胺酶（超广谱β-内酰胺酶、金属β-内酰胺酶和AmpC）的肠杆菌科细菌的流行情况。从指定地区的奶农和商贩处共采集了401份牛奶样本。采用微生物检测、抗生素敏感性测试和基于聚合酶链反应的基因分型方法对421株革兰氏阴性菌分离株进行分析。β-内酰胺酶基因的总体流行率为10%（置信区间（CI）（7-13）），哈里亚纳邦（13%，CI（9-19））的流行率高于阿萨姆邦（7%，CI（4-11））。分离株中鉴定出的β-内酰胺酶基因有bla、bla、bla、bla和bla，与AmpC产生相关。此外，检测到bla、bla和bla为超广谱β-内酰胺酶产生菌，而bla、bla、bla、bla和bla被鉴定为金属β-内酰胺酶产生菌。值得注意的是，在已鉴定的肠杆菌科细菌中，spp.是主要的β-内酰胺酶产生菌。本研究突出了牛奶分离株中各种常见β-内酰胺酶基因的存在，表明乳制品中存在抗菌药物耐药菌的潜在风险。β-内酰胺耐药性的存在令人担忧，因为这可能限制治疗的抗生素选择。基因型和表型方法之间的不一致强调了综合运用这两种技术以准确评估抗生素耐药性的综合方法的必要性。需要采取紧急合作行动，在整个乳制品价值链中合理、规范地使用抗生素，以应对β-内酰胺耐药性这一全球挑战。
