Nossair Mohamed A, Abd El Baqy Fatma A, Rizk Mohammad S Y, Elaadli Haitham, Mansour Alaa M, Abd El-Aziz Ayman H, Alkhedaide Adil, Soliman Mohamed Mohamed, Ramadan Hazem, Shukry Mustafa, Shaaban Sabah I
Department of Animal Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Damanhur 22511, Egypt.
Pathogens. 2022 Jul 28;11(8):852. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11080852.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing are a universal public health alarm frequently identified among humans, animals, and poultry. Livestock and poultry production are a possible source of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, including ESBL-producing , which confer antimicrobial resistance to different β-lactam antimicrobial agents. From January to May 2020, a cross-sectional study was carried out in three dairy cattle farms and four poultry farms in different districts of northern Egypt to assess the prevalence of ESBLs, AmpC beta-lactamase-producing and in livestock, poultry, and human contacts, and to investigate the genetic relatedness of the recovered isolates. In total, 140 samples were collected, including human fecal samples (n = 20) of workers with intimate livestock contact, cattle rectal swabs (n = 34), milk (n = 14), milking machine swabs (n = 8), rations (n = 2), and water (n = 2) from different cattle farms, as well as cloacal swabs (n = 45), rations (n = 5), water (n = 5) and litter (n = 5) from poultry farms. The specimens were investigated for ESBL-producing and using HiCrome ESBL media agar. The agar disk diffusion method characterized the isolated strains for their phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility. The prevalence of ESBL-producing was 30.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0% in humans, cattle, and poultry, respectively. Further genotypic characterization was performed using conventional and multiplex PCR assays for the molecular identification of ESBL and AmpC genes. The majority of the ESBL-producing showed a multi-drug resistant phenotype. Additionally, was the predominant ESBL genotype (n = 31; 93.94%), and was mainly identified in humans (n = 6), cattle (n = 11), and poultry (14); its existence in various reservoirs is a concern, and highlights the necessity of the development of definite control strategies to limit the abuse of antimicrobial agents.
产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的细菌是人类、动物和家禽中经常发现的一种普遍的公共卫生警报。畜禽生产是包括产ESBL细菌在内的多重耐药微生物的一个可能来源，这些细菌对不同的β-内酰胺类抗菌药物具有抗药性。2020年1月至5月，在埃及北部不同地区的三个奶牛场和四个家禽场进行了一项横断面研究，以评估ESBLs、产AmpCβ-内酰胺酶细菌和其他细菌在牲畜、家禽及与它们有接触的人类中的流行情况，并调查所分离菌株的遗传相关性。总共收集了140份样本，包括与牲畜有密切接触的工人的人类粪便样本（n = 20）、奶牛直肠拭子（n = 34）、牛奶（n = 14）、挤奶机拭子（n = 8）、饲料（n = 2）和来自不同奶牛场的水（n = 2），以及来自家禽场的泄殖腔拭子（n = 45）、饲料（n = 5）、水（n = 5）和垫料（n = 5）。使用HiCrome ESBL培养基琼脂对标本进行产ESBL细菌和其他细菌的检测。琼脂纸片扩散法对分离菌株的表型抗菌药敏性进行了鉴定。产ESBL细菌在人类、奶牛和家禽中的流行率分别为30.0%、20.0%和25.0%。使用传统和多重PCR检测方法进行进一步的基因分型鉴定，以确定ESBL和AmpC基因。大多数产ESBL细菌表现出多重耐药表型。此外，CTX-M是主要的ESBL基因型（n = 31；93.94%），主要在人类（n = 6）、奶牛（n = 11）和家禽（n = 14）中发现；其在各种宿主中的存在令人担忧，并突出了制定明确控制策略以限制抗菌药物滥用的必要性。
