Colonia Daniel Ricardo Montes, Ramírez Patiño Daniela, Higuita-Gutiérrez Luis Felipe
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín 050012, Colombia.
Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín 050034, Colombia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Sep 19;12(9):1456. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091456.
Describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the sale of antibiotics in pharmacies in Medellín, Colombia.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 277 selected pharmacies using a stratified sampling method with proportional allocation to represent all areas of the city. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) were assessed using a scale, analyzed with absolute and relative frequencies for each item, and represented in a global score ranging from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better KAPs. Data were analyzed using relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression.
Of the included pharmacies, 52.6% were chain pharmacies, 48.4% were attended by pharmacy assistants, and 59% of pharmacists had more than 5 years of experience. The median knowledge score was 70.8 (IQR 58.3-87.5), with 35.3% of pharmacists believing that antibiotics are effective in treating the common cold, 35.2% for treating COVID-19, and 29.4% considering them available for sale without a medical prescription. The attitude score was 53.3 (40.0-66.7), with 60.9% agreeing that prohibiting the sale of antibiotics without a prescription would decrease their sales. The practice score was 62.5 (40.0-79.2), with 65.4% of pharmacists stating that they sometimes sell antibiotics without a prescription due to patients struggling to obtain a medical consultation, 61.3% admitting to selling antibiotics without a prescription for urinary tract infections, and 41.3% for upper respiratory tract infections. Practices were predominantly influenced by pharmacy type (chain or independent) and, to a lesser extent, by knowledge and attitudes.
Pharmacists in Medellín exhibit inadequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use and sale of antibiotics without a medical prescription. These findings align with international evidence highlighting the need for educational and regulatory strategies promoting rational antibiotic use in pharmacies.
描述哥伦比亚麦德林市药房抗生素销售方面的知识、态度和行为。
采用分层抽样方法，按比例分配，在277家选定药房开展横断面描述性研究，以代表该市所有区域。使用量表评估知识、态度和行为（KAPs），对每个项目进行绝对频率和相对频率分析，并以0至100的全球得分表示，得分越高表明KAPs越好。使用相对频率及95%置信区间、曼-惠特尼U检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和线性回归分析数据。
纳入的药房中，52.6%为连锁药房，48.4%由药剂师助理服务，59%的药剂师有超过5年工作经验。知识得分中位数为70.8（四分位间距58.3 - 87.5），35.3%的药剂师认为抗生素对治疗普通感冒有效，35.2%认为对治疗新冠有效，29.4%认为无需医生处方即可销售。态度得分53.3（40.0 - 66.7），60.9%的人同意禁止无处方销售抗生素会降低销售额。行为得分62.5（40.0 - 79.2），65.4%的药剂师表示有时因患者难以获得医疗咨询而无处方销售抗生素，61.3%承认因尿路感染无处方销售抗生素，41.3%因上呼吸道感染无处方销售抗生素。行为主要受药房类型（连锁或独立）影响，在较小程度上受知识和态度影响。
麦德林市的药剂师在无医生处方使用和销售抗生素方面表现出知识、态度和行为不足。这些发现与国际证据一致，凸显了促进药房合理使用抗生素的教育和监管策略的必要性。
