Shakhpazyan Nikolay, Mikhaleva Liudmila, Bedzhanyan Arkady, Gioeva Zarina, Sadykhov Nikolay, Mikhalev Alexander, Atiakshin Dmitri, Buchwalow Igor, Tiemann Markus, Orekhov Alexander
Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Abdominal Surgery and Oncology II (Coloproctology and Uro-Gynecology), Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia.
Biomedicines. 2023 Aug 23;11(9):2361. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11092361.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide and is the third most common type of cancer. The early detection and diagnosis of CRC is critical to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment, stromal interactions, and the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer. The review begins by assessing the gut microbiome's influence on CRC development, emphasizing its association with gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The role of the Wnt signaling pathway in CRC tumor stroma is scrutinized, elucidating its impact on disease progression. Tumor budding, its effect on tumor stroma, and the implications for patient prognosis are investigated. The review also identifies conserved oncogenic signatures (COS) within CRC stroma and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. Lastly, the seed and soil hypothesis is employed to contextualize metastasis, accentuating the significance of both tumor cells and the surrounding stroma in metastatic propensity. This review highlights the intricate interdependence between CRC cells and their microenvironment, providing valuable insights into prospective therapeutic approaches targeting tumor-stroma interactions.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球主要的健康负担，是第三大常见癌症类型。CRC的早期检测和诊断对于改善患者预后至关重要。本综述探讨了肿瘤微环境、基质相互作用与结直肠癌进展和转移之间的复杂相互作用。综述首先评估肠道微生物群对CRC发展的影响，强调其与肠道相关淋巴组织（GALT）的关联。详细审查Wnt信号通路在CRC肿瘤基质中的作用，阐明其对疾病进展的影响。研究肿瘤芽生、其对肿瘤基质的影响以及对患者预后的影响。综述还确定了CRC基质中保守的致癌特征（COS），并探讨了它们作为治疗靶点的潜力。最后，运用种子与土壤假说来解释转移，强调肿瘤细胞和周围基质在转移倾向中的重要性。本综述强调了CRC细胞与其微环境之间的复杂相互依存关系，为针对肿瘤-基质相互作用的前瞻性治疗方法提供了有价值的见解。
