Zapata-Lamana Rafael, Ibarra-Mora Jessica, Carrasco-Marín Fernanda, Durán-Agüero Samuel, Cuevas-Aburto Jorge, Parra-Rizo Maria Antonia, Cigarroa Igor
Escuela de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile.
Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 8330106, Chile.
Children (Basel). 2023 Sep 1;10(9):1499. doi: 10.3390/children10091499.
The Mediterranean diet stands as a widely acknowledged and health-promoting dietary pattern, renowned for its notable linkage to the mitigation of noncommunicable chronic maladies. Nonetheless, the existing body of evidence concerning the potential interrelation between sleep hygiene and this dietary regimen remains circumscribed. The main objective was to determine the association between sleep hygiene and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Chilean schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. A non-experimental study was carried out, with an analytical, cross-sectional design. A total of 265 students (56.6% women, mean age 13.5 ± 1.8) from a rural community in southern Chile were recruited. Sleep habits were evaluated using Section 6 of the Life Habits and Adolescence Questionnaire, Sleep and Rest, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the KIDMED Mediterranean Diet Adherence Questionnaire. The main results indicated that 52.8% of schoolchildren need to improve adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 16.6% have a low-quality Mediterranean diet. A high percentage of schoolchildren have behaviors related to poor sleep hygiene (going to bed late (46%), waking up tired and wanting to continue sleeping (63.8%), and having problems falling asleep (42.6%)). Schoolchildren who got up after 8:30 a.m., those who fell asleep after midnight, upon conducting a comparative analysis of the students based on their sleep patterns, those who woke up tired and those who had trouble falling asleep had a lower level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared to schoolchildren who got up earlier than 8:30 a.m., fell asleep before midnight, did not wake up tired, and those who did not find it difficult to fall asleep, respectively. In conclusion, having poor sleep patterns including difficulties in both awakening and falling asleep are associated with less adherence to the Mediterranean diet in schoolchildren from rural public schools in southern Chile. Monitoring these variables and promoting healthy lifestyle habits within the educational community are essential measures.
地中海饮食是一种广为人知且有益健康的饮食模式，因其与缓解非传染性慢性病的显著关联而闻名。然而，关于睡眠卫生与这种饮食方案之间潜在相互关系的现有证据仍然有限。主要目的是确定智利南部农村公立学校学童的睡眠卫生与对地中海饮食的依从性之间的关联。开展了一项非实验性研究，采用分析性横断面设计。从智利南部的一个农村社区招募了265名学生（56.6%为女性，平均年龄13.5±1.8岁）。使用《生活习惯与青少年问卷》第6节“睡眠与休息”评估睡眠习惯，并用KIDMED地中海饮食依从性问卷评估对地中海饮食的依从性。主要结果表明，52.8%的学童需要提高对地中海饮食的依从性，16.6%的学童的地中海饮食质量较低。很大比例的学童有与不良睡眠卫生相关的行为（晚睡（46%）、醒来疲倦并想继续睡觉（63.8%）以及入睡困难（42.6%））。根据睡眠模式对学生进行比较分析后发现，上午8:30之后起床的学童、午夜后入睡的学童、醒来疲倦的学童以及入睡困难的学童，与上午8:30之前起床、午夜前入睡、醒来不累以及入睡不难的学童相比，对地中海饮食的依从性较低。总之，包括醒来和入睡困难在内的不良睡眠模式与智利南部农村公立学校学童对地中海饮食的依从性较低有关。监测这些变量并在教育社区内推广健康的生活方式习惯是至关重要的措施。
