Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 14;24(18):14071. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814071.
The herbivore (kingdom Animalia) and the pathogen (kingdom Fungi) are considered pests and biotic stressors of (chestnut trees). The impact of both pests on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in chestnut leaves was investigated. Specifically, the interactive effect of both pests on metabolite accumulation and their potential role in enhancing the resistance of chestnut trees to biological stress was the focus of this study. leaves with varying degrees of infestation and infection were used in this research. Leaf samples were collected during the plant vegetative growth phase and evaluated for pest infection and secondary metabolite content. Eight main polyphenols were identified in the leaves: (1) neochlorogenic acid, (2) (-)-epicatechin, (3) procyanidin trimer A-type, (4) procyanidin tetramer A-type, (5) quercetin-3--arabinoside, (6) quercetin-3--rhamnoside, (7) kaempferol-3--arabinoside, and (8) kaempferol-3--rhamnoside. It was found that the accumulation of metabolites, primarily those derived from epicatechin and quercetin, during the initial vegetation phase (up to 11.05 or 09.05), strongly depended on the later degree of pest infection. The differences observed in the metabolite dynamics in the chestnut leaves, depending on the extent of infection, indicate the development of a metabolic response mechanism in chestnut trees to biological stress.
（动物界）草食动物和（真菌界）病原体被认为是栗树的害虫和生物胁迫源。本研究调查了这两种害虫对栗树叶片次生代谢物积累的影响。具体来说，本研究的重点是两种害虫对代谢物积累的相互作用及其在增强栗树对生物胁迫抗性方面的潜在作用。本研究使用了受不同程度侵染和感染的叶片。在植物营养生长阶段采集叶片样本，评估害虫感染和次生代谢物含量。在叶片中鉴定出 8 种主要的多酚：（1）新绿原酸，（2）（-）-表儿茶素，（3）A型原花青素三聚体，（4）A型原花青素四聚体，（5）槲皮素-3--阿拉伯糖苷，（6）槲皮素-3--鼠李糖苷，（7）山柰酚-3--阿拉伯糖苷，和（8）山柰酚-3--鼠李糖苷。研究发现，次生代谢物的积累，主要是表儿茶素和槲皮素衍生的代谢物，在初始植被阶段（高达 11.05 或 09.05），强烈依赖于后期害虫感染的程度。栗树叶片中代谢物动态因感染程度而异，这表明栗树对生物胁迫的代谢反应机制的发展。
