Bennett Richard N, Wallsgrove Roger M
Biochemistry & Physiology Department, AFRC Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK.
New Phytol. 1994 Aug;127(4):617-633. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02968.x.
Many secondary metabolites found in plants have a role in defence against herbivores, pests and pathogens. In this review, a few examples are described and discussed, and some of the problems in determining the precise role(s) of such metabolites highlighted. The role of secondary metabolites in defence may involve deterrence/anti-feedant activity, toxicity or acting as precursors to physical defence systems. Many specialist herbivores and pathogens do not merely circumvent the deterrent or toxic effects of secondary metabolites but actually utilize these compounds as either host recognition cues or nutrients (or both). This is true of both cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates, which art discussed in detail as examples of defensive compounds. Their biochemistry is compared and contrasted. An enormous variety of secondary metabolites are derived from shikimic acid or aromatic amino acids, many of which have important roles in defence mechanisms. Several classes of secondary products are 'induced' by infection, wounding or herbivory, and examples of these are given. Genetic variation in the speed and extent of such induction may account, at least in part, for the difference between resistant and susceptible varieties. Both salicylates and jasmonates have been implicated as signals in such responses and in many other physiological processes, though their prescise roles and interactions in signalling and development are not fully understood. Contents Summary 617 I. Introduction 617 II. Cyanogenic glucosides 618 III. Glucosinolates 619 IV. Non-protein amino acids 621 V. Alkaloids 622 VI. Plant phenoiics 623 VII. Plant terpenes, sesquiterpenoids and sterols 626 VIII. Phytoalexins 626 IX. Salicylic acid and methyl jasnionate 627 X. Conclusions 628 References 629.
植物中发现的许多次生代谢产物在抵御食草动物、害虫和病原体方面发挥着作用。在本综述中，描述并讨论了一些例子，并强调了在确定此类代谢产物的确切作用时存在的一些问题。次生代谢产物在防御中的作用可能包括威慑/拒食活性、毒性或作为物理防御系统的前体。许多专性食草动物和病原体不仅能规避次生代谢产物的威慑或毒性作用，实际上还将这些化合物用作宿主识别线索或营养物质（或两者兼而有之）。生氰糖苷和硫代葡萄糖苷都是如此，作为防御化合物的例子将对它们进行详细讨论。对它们的生物化学进行了比较和对比。大量的次生代谢产物源自莽草酸或芳香族氨基酸，其中许多在防御机制中具有重要作用。几类次生产物是由感染、伤口或食草作用“诱导”产生的，并给出了这些例子。这种诱导的速度和程度上的遗传变异可能至少部分解释了抗性品种和敏感品种之间的差异。水杨酸和茉莉酸酯都被认为是此类反应以及许多其他生理过程中的信号，尽管它们在信号传导和发育中的精确作用及相互作用尚未完全了解。内容摘要617 一、引言617 二、生氰糖苷618 三、硫代葡萄糖苷619 四、非蛋白质氨基酸621 五、生物碱622 六、植物酚类623 七、植物萜类、倍半萜类和甾醇626 八、植保素626 九、水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯627 十、结论628 参考文献629
