Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 20;24(18):14347. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814347.
Immunotherapy has emerged as an important approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical efficacy has been limited in prostate cancer compared to other malignancies. This review summarizes key immunotherapy strategies under evaluation for prostate cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, therapeutic vaccines, and cytokines. For each modality, the rationale stemming from preclinical studies is discussed along with outcomes from completed clinical trials and strategies to improve clinical efficacy that are being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Imperative endeavors include biomarker discovery for patient selection, deciphering resistance mechanisms, refining cellular therapies such as CAR T cells, and early-stage intervention were reviewed. These ongoing efforts instill optimism that immunotherapy may eventually deliver significant clinical benefits and expand treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
免疫疗法已成为癌症治疗的重要方法，但与其他恶性肿瘤相比，其在前列腺癌中的临床疗效有限。本文总结了正在评估的用于前列腺癌的关键免疫治疗策略，包括免疫检查点抑制剂、双特异性 T 细胞结合抗体、嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞、治疗性疫苗和细胞因子。对于每种治疗方法，都讨论了基于临床前研究的原理，以及已完成的临床试验的结果，并探讨了正在进行的临床试验中正在测试的提高临床疗效的策略。其中包括用于患者选择的生物标志物发现、解析耐药机制、改进 CAR T 细胞等细胞疗法，以及早期干预等方面的研究。这些正在进行的努力让人们乐观地认为，免疫疗法最终可能会为晚期前列腺癌患者带来显著的临床获益，并扩大治疗选择。
