National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 7;15(18):3893. doi: 10.3390/nu15183893.
Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and high body mass index (BMI) are preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases throughout a person's lifespan. The higher prevalence of these risk factors in children from lower socio-economic groups has been generally observed. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of parents' socio-economic conditions on children's consumption of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened drinks, and inactivity, sedentary behaviour, overweight and obesity. This study used data from the sixth cross-sectional survey of the surveillance "OKkio alla Salute" (Italian COSI), involving 2467 schools and 53,275 children in 2019. All the information was collected through four questionnaires addressed to parents, children, teachers and head teachers. The weights and heights of the children were measured with standard techniques and equipment to classify overweight/obesity according to the WOF-IOTF cut-offs. The results showed a high percentage of children who do not adhere to health recommendations and a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. In particular, "less healthy" behaviours and higher BMI were more frequent in children from families with a lower socio-economic status and those residing in Southern Italy. These findings highlight the need for effective interventions that address the differences in these health-related behaviours.
不健康的饮食、缺乏身体活动和高身体质量指数（BMI）是可预防的非传染性疾病风险因素，贯穿人的一生。人们普遍观察到，社会经济地位较低群体的儿童中这些风险因素的患病率更高。本研究旨在探讨父母的社会经济条件对儿童水果、蔬菜和含糖饮料消费以及缺乏活动、久坐行为、超重和肥胖的影响。本研究使用了 2019 年监测“OKkio alla Salute”（意大利 COSI）第六次横断面调查的数据，涉及 2467 所学校和 53275 名儿童。所有信息都是通过四份问卷收集的，分别针对家长、儿童、教师和校长。用标准技术和设备测量儿童的体重和身高，根据 WOF-IOTF 切点来分类超重/肥胖。结果显示，不遵守健康建议的儿童比例很高，超重和肥胖的患病率也很高。特别是，社会经济地位较低的家庭和居住在意大利南部的家庭的儿童，其“不太健康”的行为和更高的 BMI 更为常见。这些发现强调了需要采取有效的干预措施来解决这些与健康相关的行为差异。
