Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Faculty of Medicine, Odessa National Medical School, Odessa, Ukraine.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2024;30(3):148-158. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2024.142586.
Childhood obesity is a major complex and multifaceted public health challenge with significant short- and long-term health consequences. It is also associated with a significant reduction in quality of life and poorer mental health outcomes. In general, obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In children, however, the former can be interpreted as when a child has a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age, sex, and ethnicity on growth charts. Obesity in children is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, socio-economic, and behavioural factors. The relationship between a child's behaviour and childhood obesity is multifaceted and influenced by various factors, including dietary habits, physical activity levels, sedentary behaviours, family dynamics, socio-economic status, and environmental factors. Effective strategies for preventing and managing childhood obesity require a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach that addresses individual, family, community, and educational institutes. Thus, addressing childhood obesity requires a comprehensive approach that addresses not only biological and environmental factors but also behavioural factors that influence children's eating behaviours, physical activity levels, sleep patterns, and emotional well-being. Early intervention and ongoing support are crucial for promoting healthy growth and development and reducing the burden of childhood obesity on individuals, families, and societies. This review discusses factors that influence the child's behaviour and the relationship between the child's behaviour and childhood obesity.
儿童肥胖是一个主要的复杂和多方面的公共卫生挑战，具有重大的短期和长期健康后果。它也与生活质量的显著降低和更差的心理健康结果有关。一般来说，当能量摄入超过能量消耗时，就会发生肥胖。然而，在儿童中，前者可以解释为当儿童的体重指数（BMI）在生长图表上与同年龄、性别和种族的儿童的第 95 百分位或以上相同时。儿童肥胖受遗传、环境、社会经济和行为因素的复杂相互作用的影响。儿童行为与儿童肥胖之间的关系是多方面的，受多种因素的影响，包括饮食习惯、身体活动水平、久坐行为、家庭动态、社会经济地位和环境因素。预防和管理儿童肥胖的有效策略需要采取全面的多部门方法，解决个人、家庭、社区和教育机构的问题。因此，解决儿童肥胖问题需要采取综合方法，不仅要解决生物和环境因素，还要解决影响儿童饮食行为、身体活动水平、睡眠模式和情绪健康的行为因素。早期干预和持续支持对于促进健康的生长和发育以及减轻儿童肥胖对个人、家庭和社会的负担至关重要。本综述讨论了影响儿童行为的因素以及儿童行为与儿童肥胖之间的关系。
