Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary.
Nutrients. 2023 Sep 7;15(18):3902. doi: 10.3390/nu15183902.
Diet has been described as a modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases, and emerging evidence increasingly points to its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the relationship between the underlying disease and diet is natural in conditions such as metabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, etc., the direct effect is not so evident in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Poor diet quality and the development of nutrient deficiencies in respiratory diseases, including COPD, can be associated with disease-specific factors such as the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can be improved by dietary interventions, leading to positive changes in the pathogenesis of the disease and the quality of life of patients. Therefore, our aim was to review the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary interventions in chronic respiratory patients and describe their effects on respiratory function, physical activity, systemic inflammatory parameters, and quality of life. We conducted a literature search on dietary interventions for COPD patients in the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, focusing on publications from 1 July 2018 to 1 July 2023. We used specific keywords and MESH terms, focusing on RCTs. A total of 26 articles and 1811 COPD patients were included in this review. On the basis of our findings, dietary interventions, in particular components of the Mediterranean diet such as protein, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vegetables, appear to have beneficial effects in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, and their application is beneficial. However, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to examine the effects of dietary interventions in this patient population.
饮食被描述为慢性病发生和发展的可改变风险因素，越来越多的新证据指出其在慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中的预防和治疗作用。虽然在代谢紊乱、肥胖、糖尿病等疾病中，潜在疾病与饮食之间的关系是自然的，但在 COPD 等疾病中，这种直接影响并不明显。呼吸疾病（包括 COPD）中饮食质量差和营养缺乏的发展可能与疾病特异性因素有关，例如呼吸症状恶化。这些症状可以通过饮食干预得到改善，从而导致疾病发病机制和患者生活质量的积极变化。因此，我们的目的是综述饮食干预在慢性呼吸系统疾病患者中的最新随机对照试验（RCT），并描述其对呼吸功能、体力活动、全身炎症参数和生活质量的影响。我们在 PubMed、ClinicalTrials.gov 和 Cochrane 对照试验中央注册库（CENTRAL）数据库中对 COPD 患者的饮食干预进行了文献检索，重点关注 2018 年 7 月 1 日至 2023 年 7 月 1 日发表的文献。我们使用了特定的关键词和 MESH 术语，重点关注 RCT。本综述共纳入 26 篇文章和 1811 例 COPD 患者。根据我们的研究结果，饮食干预，特别是地中海饮食中的蛋白质、ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸和蔬菜等成分，似乎对慢性呼吸系统疾病患者有益，其应用是有益的。然而，仍需要进行长期随访研究来检查饮食干预对这一患者群体的影响。
