Mashaal Kiran, Shabbir Arham, Khan Mahtab Ahmad, Hameed Huma, Shahzad Muhammad, Irfan Ali, Shazly Gamal A, Mobashar Aisha, Akhtar Tasleem, Shaheryar Zaib Ali, Bin Jardan Yousef A
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Aug 29;15(9):2228. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092228.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder and topic of interest for researchers due to its increasing frequency and limited treatment. Wall is known to treat rheumatic disorders in the traditional system of medicinal plants. Traditional medicines are still required for the treatment of this disease due to the large number of side-effects caused by commercial medicines. In the current study, the antiarthritic potential of methanolic extract (AM-metha), n-hexane (AM-hexa) fraction, and ethyl acetate (AM-etha) fraction of the bark of against a complete Freund's adjuvant rat model was evaluated. Evaluation using a digital plethysmometer, macroscopic evaluation, and histopathological evaluation were conducted to determine the paw volume and arthritic scoring. ELISA was performed to assess the PGE2 levels. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, NF-κB, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and VEGF. Biochemical and hematological analyses were also conducted. GC/MS was also carried out to analyze the presence of medicinal compounds. The data revealed a marked reduction in the paw volume, arthritic scoring, and histopathological parameters, indicating the anti-arthritic potential of the plant. Treatment with plant extracts and fractions markedly down-regulated MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, NF-κB, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and VEGF levels. Similarly, PGE2 levels were also found to be ameliorated in the treatment groups, indicating the immunomodulatory property of plant bark. Plant treatment nearly normalized hematological parameters such as counts of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets, along with Hb content, thereby validating the anti-arthritic activity. GC/MS analysis disclosed the presence of strong anti-inflammatory compounds such as lupeol, oleic acid, and squalene. The study showed that possesses anti-arthritic and immunomodulatory potential linked to significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory biomarkers.
类风湿性关节炎是一种自身免疫性疾病，由于其发病率不断上升且治疗方法有限，一直是研究人员关注的课题。在传统药用植物体系中，Wall被认为可治疗风湿性疾病。由于商业药物会引发大量副作用，治疗这种疾病仍需要传统药物。在当前研究中，评估了[植物名称]树皮的甲醇提取物（AM-甲醇）、正己烷（AM-己烷）馏分和乙酸乙酯（AM-乙酸乙酯）馏分对完全弗氏佐剂大鼠模型的抗关节炎潜力。使用数字体积描记器进行评估、宏观评估和组织病理学评估，以确定爪体积和关节炎评分。进行酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）以评估前列腺素E2（PGE2）水平。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）用于评估基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）、基质金属蛋白酶3（MMP3）、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP9）、核因子κB（NF-κB）、白细胞介素6（IL6）、白细胞介素1β（IL1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达水平。还进行了生化和血液学分析。同时进行气相色谱/质谱联用（GC/MS）分析以检测药用化合物的存在。数据显示爪体积、关节炎评分和组织病理学参数显著降低，表明该植物具有抗关节炎潜力。用植物提取物和馏分进行治疗可显著下调MMP2、MMP3、MMP9、NF-κB、IL6、IL1β、TNFα和VEGF水平。同样，在治疗组中也发现PGE2水平有所改善，表明植物树皮具有免疫调节特性。植物治疗使血液学参数如白细胞、红细胞和血小板计数以及血红蛋白含量几乎恢复正常，从而验证了其抗关节炎活性。GC/MS分析揭示了存在如羽扇豆醇、油酸和角鲨烯等强效抗炎化合物。该研究表明，[植物名称]具有抗关节炎和免疫调节潜力，与促炎和炎症生物标志物的显著下调有关。
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